Chemistry · MU Plovdiv

15. Amines-classification, structure and chemical reactions. Sulfonamides. Biogenic amines GABA, histamine, serotonin, catecholamines: dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline.

Inside: 20 sections · 17 labelled pictures · 29 flashcards · 12 min

Topic 15 of 25 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Chemistry (Dental Medicine, Year 1). The free AceMed note covers it in 20 sections, about 1,633 words (12 min of reading), with 29 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Amines
  2. Aliphatic and aromatic amines.
  3. Structure, nomenclature
  4. Acid-base properties, Order of basicity of amines.
  5. Chemical properties.
  6. Reactions with nitric acid
  7. Formation of azo compound (diazenes)
  8. Electrophilic substitution in the aromatic ring of anilines.
  9. Reactions with aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids
  10. Functional derivatives.
  11. High Yield
  12. Hinsberg Test (Laboratory test for classification of amines):
  13. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis (Preparation of primary amines):
  14. Order of Basicity of Amines:
  15. Biogenic amines - definition and classification.
  16. Monoamines derived from 2-phenylethylamine
  17. catecholamines. Medicinal substances derived from 2-phenylethylamine.
  18. Polyamines - putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine.
  19. Amino alcohols - colamine (ethanolamine), choline, sphingosin
  20. 1. Colamine (Ethanolamine) and Choline:

Amines

  • An Amine is a type of compound that is derived from ammonia (NH3). In other words, we can simply say that
  • amines are derivatives of ammonia. We study about amines in Organic Chemistry, and they are basically
  • classified as functional groups or organic nitrogen compounds that contain a nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
  • Generally, in amines, hydrogen atoms are substituted by an aryl or alkyl group.

Aliphatic and aromatic amines.

  • Classification of Aliphatic Amines:
  • Based on the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom:
  • Primary amines (1° amines): The nitrogen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one alkyl group (R-NH₂)
  • Secondary amines (2° amines): The nitrogen atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom and two alkyl groups (R₂NH).
  • Tertiary amines (3° amines): The nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl groups (R₃N) and no hydrogen atoms.
  • Aromatic amines are compounds where a nitrogen atom is directly attached to a benzene ring. Due to the
  • resonance effects within the benzene

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