Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and tough connective tissue characterised by a high concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans in its extracellular matrix (ECM). These molecules interact with collagen and elastic fibres to give cartilage its unique properties. There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Each type is adapted to specific biomechanical needs. Cartilage plays a vital role in supporting soft tissues, providing smooth, lubricated surfaces in joints, and guiding the development and growth of long bones.
The firm consistency of cartilage allows it to bear mechanical stress without permanent distortion. This property makes it ideal for forming the framework of the respiratory tract (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi), ears, and nose. The smooth, lubricated surface and resilience of cartilage also make it essential for shock absorption and smooth movement in joints. In the embryo, hyaline cartilage serves as a temporary skeleton that is later replaced by bone.