Human Anatomy and Histology · MU Plovdiv

59. Urinary system. Components. Kidneys – position, description. Morphological characteristic. Blood supply and nerves.

Inside: 16 sections · 19 labelled pictures · 1 table · 32 flashcards · 11 min

Topic 59 of 138 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Human Anatomy and Histology (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 15 sections, about 1,334 words (11 min of reading), with 32 flashcards.

In this note

  1. URINARY SYSTEM
  2. Organs:
  3. Development:
  4. Introduction
  5. KIDNEY
  6. Kidney Segmentation:
  7. External structure:
  8. Functions
  9. Internal structure:
  10. Coviring of the kidney:
  11. Syntopy:
  12. Blood supply:
  13. Structure of hilum of kidney.
  14. Innervation:
  15. Histology:

URINARY SYSTEM

  • Also known as the renal system is responsible for producing, storing and eliminating urine from the body.

Organs:

  1. Kidneys
  • the primary organs
  • filters waste products and excess substances from the blood to produce urine.
  1. Ureters:
  • Narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
  1. Bladder:
  • Hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis that stores urine until its ready to be expelled from the body.

Development:

  • From intermediate mesoderm.
  • Begins at the 4th week.
  • There are 3 stages:

1. Pronephrons

  • The pronephrons emerges around the 4th week of development.
  • It begins in the cervical region of the embryo.
  • Segmented divisions of intermediate mesoderm form tubules called nephrotomes.
  • These nephrotomes join to create the pronephric duct, which extends from the cervical region to the cloaca (distal end) of the embryo.

2. Mesonephrons: “late in 4th week”

  • The mesonephrons develops inferiorly to the pronephrons.
  • They have mesonephric tubules, which are associated with capillaries.
  • So they can perform filteration.
  • The tubules drain into the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct).
  • opens into the cloaca.

3. Metanephrons

  • The metanephros forms the definitive kidney.
  • It appears around the 5th week of development and becomes functional around the 12th week.
  • The ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct makes contact with a caudal region of intermediate mesoderm called the metanephric blastema.
  • Collectively, these blastema form the metanephric system, which has two components:
  • Collecting system: Derived from the ureteric bud, it includes the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules.
  • Functional nephrons: These nephrons are responsible for urine production and filtration.

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