14. Muscles around the hip joint and of the femoral region.

Iliopsoas group:

① iliacus m.

• O: iliac fossa
• I: Lesser trochanter of femur
• I: Femoral n.
• F: trunk flexion.
• B.S: iliolumbar, deep circumflex iliac, obturator and femoral art.

② Psoas major m.

• O: vertebral bodies T12-L4 + intervertebral discs T12-L4 + transverse processes of L1-L5
• I: Lesser trochanter of femur.
• I: Ant. rami of spinal nerves L1-L3
• F: Flexion of the trunk.
• B.S: Lumbar branch of iliolumbar art.

③ Psoas minor m.:

• O: Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae.
• I: iliopubic eminence
• I: Ant. rami of spinal n. L1
• F: weak flexion of the trunk.
• B.S: lumbar arteries.

Gluteal muscles:

→ Superficial layer:

① Gluteus maximus:

• O: Lateroposterior surface of sacrum & coccyx + gluteal surface of ilium
• I: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata m. + Gluteal tuberosity of femur
• N: Inferior gluteal n. *
• F: thigh abduction (superior pt.) & thigh adduction (inf. pt.)
• B.S: Inferior + superior gluteal arteries.

② Gluteus medius:

• O: Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior & post. gluteal lines).
• I: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur.
• N: Superior gluteal n.
• F: thigh abduction + thigh internal rotation
• BS: Deep branch of sup. gluteal art. + trochanteric anastomosis
• ↳ sup. gluteal art + medial & lateral circumflex femoral arteries

③ Gluteus minimus:

• O: Gluteal surface of ilium (between ant. & inf. gluteal lines)
• I: Ant. aspect of femur greater trochanter
• N: Superior gluteal n.
• F: thigh abduction + internal rotation.
• B.S: Sup. gluteal art. + trochanteric anastomosis

④ Tensor fascia lata m:

• O: Ant. iliac crest + Ant. superior iliac spine (ASIS)
• I: iliotibial tract.
• N: Superior gluteal n.
• B.S: femoral art.