Human Anatomy and Histology · MU Plovdiv

43. Large intestine – anatomical parts, position. Peritoneal relation. The colon and rectum. Morphological characteristic. Blood supply and nerves.

Inside: 26 sections · 20 labelled pictures · 2 tables · 32 flashcards · 11 min

Topic 43 of 138 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Human Anatomy and Histology (Dental Medicine, Year 1). The free AceMed note covers it in 25 sections, about 1,385 words (11 min of reading), with 32 flashcards.

In this note

  1. 65 LARGE INTESTINE
  2. Innervation:
  3. Blood supply:
  4. Parts.
  5. Histology:
  6. Appereance:
  7. 65 CAECUM
  8. Morphology:
  9. Main relations of cecum:
  10. APPENDIX
  11. Surface anatomy:
  12. Different positions of the appendix:
  13. Supply of the appendix (65 cont.)
  14. COLON
  15. ASCENDING
  16. DESCENDING
  17. TRANSVERSE
  18. SIGMOIND
  19. RECTUM
  20. Muscles:
  21. Syntopy:
  22. Rectal flexure:
  23. Peritoneum of the rectum
  24. Supply
  25. Introduction

65 LARGE INTESTINE

  • The last part of the digestive System.
  • Extends from the distal end of the ileum to the anus
  • Length ~ 1.5 m
  • Function:

Innervation:

  1. Sup. Mesenteric plexus → cecum, appendix, ascen. colon & transverse colon
  2. Inf. Mesenteric plexus → from left colic flexure to the rectum.

Blood supply:

  1. Superior mesenteric art. (SMA)
  2. Inferior mesenteric art. (IMA)

Parts.

  1. Caecum
  2. 1.1 Vermiform appendix (appendix vermiformis)
  3. Colon
  4. 2.1 Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
  5. 2.2 Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  6. 2.3 Descending colon (colon descendens)
  7. 2.4 Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum)
  8. Rectum
  9. 3.1 Anus

Histology:

Mucosa (and submucosa)

  • contains a single layer of columnar epithelium, there are no villi

Muscular layer – has a circular and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

  • there are several regions along the course of the large intestine with highly developed circular muscle that form functional sphincters

Superficial layer – is covered by the visceral peritoneum except on the posterior wall of the ascending and descending colon and the aboral part of the rectum, which are connected to the surrounding tissue by adventitia

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