Skin and visible mucosa - physical examining, pathological changes
- The skin is the largest organ and a key indicator of general health.
- Examination mainly by inspection, but palpation is also used for skin lesions. Skin Colour
Examples of hypopigmentation:
- Vitiligo: White patches; associated with autoimmune diseases like Addison’s or hyperthyroidism.
- Albinism: Genetic disorder; ↓ or absent melanin → pale skin, hair, eyes.
Skin Moisture
Rashes
Desquamation
- Definition: Peeling or shedding of skin cells.
- Pathological: Can be significant and visible in diseases like scarlet fever.
Subcutaneous Haemorrhages
Spider Angioma (Telangiectasia)
- Red central dot with radiating vessels = looks like a spider web.
- Associated with liver disease or hormonal changes (e.g. pregnancy).
Oedema
- Types:
- Pitting oedema: Indentation remains after pressing.
- Non-pitting oedema: No indentation; due to lymphedema or myxedema.