Choice and assessment of clinical laboratory parameters in white blood cell line disorders. Cytochemical and immunophenotype characteristics of leucocytes in acute leukemia.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ALL is the most common type of cancer in children from one to seven years and the most common leukemia in children from infancy to age 19, although it also affects adults. In ALL, leukemic blast cells accumulate in the bone marrow and blood and the cancer progresses quickly without treatment. It can spread to the lymph nodes and central nervous system. Untreated ALL can lead to anemia, poor immunity, and easy bleeding and bruising.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Adults older than 50 are more likely than children to develop AML and adolescents over 15 are more likely to develop it than younger children. AML is generally a rapidly developing cancer where immature myeloid cells continually divide in the bone marrow or other tissue and can replace bone marrow with immature, dysfunctional white blood cells. Untreated AML leads to anemia, poor immunity, and very easy bruising and bleeding.
ALL:
Cytochemistry: Myeloperoxidase(MPO)-negative Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS=glycogen)-often positive
Immunophenotype/Flow cytometry helps distinguishing AML from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and further classify the subtype of AML, B-ALL is usually positive for CD10, 19, and 20T-ALL is usually positive for CD2-5 and CD7 and 8
AML:
Cytochemistry: Myeloperoxidase(MPO)-positive Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-negative, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS=glycogen)-often negative
Immunophenotype: AML: The majority of subtypes are positive for CD13, 33 - MyeloidCD34 – Early precursor, CD117 -Myeloid/stem cell, CD11b - Mature monocytesCD14 - MonocytesHLA-DR - Positive in most AML, negative in APL.Negative
Philadelphia;
- Translocation between chromosome 9 and 22.
- 85% of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
- Use cytogenic test to check for this.