Hygiene and Ecology · MU Plovdiv

31. Foods of vegetable origin – cereals, wheat, pulses (legumes) and nuts.

Inside: 5 sections · 4 labelled pictures · 2 tables · 29 flashcards · 3 min

Topic 31 of 120 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Hygiene and Ecology (Medicine, Year 3). The free AceMed note covers it in 5 sections, about 127 words (3 min of reading), with 29 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts. Their importance in human nutrition. Confectionery products.
  2. II. Legumes (Beans, Lentils, Peas, Chickpeas)
  3. III. Nuts and Seeds
  4. IV. Confectionery Products (Sugars, Candies, Chocolate, Pastries)
  5. Biological and hygienic characteristics of cereal foods and grain -based products.

II. Legumes (Beans, Lentils, Peas, Chickpeas)

A. Nutritional Components

B. Hygienic Significance

  • Anti-nutrients: lectins, phytates, tannins → proper soaking, cooking, or fermentation needed.
  • Risk of fungal contamination (aflatoxins) → hygienic storage essential.
  • Proper preparation reduces flatulence and digestive discomfort.

III. Nuts and Seeds

A. Nutritional Components

B. Hygienic Significance

  • Storage: prone to lipid oxidation and mold (aflatoxins) → cool, dry conditions.
  • Consumption: moderate intake due to high caloric content.
  • Preventive effect: supports cardiovascular health, reduces diabetes risk.

IV. Confectionery Products (Sugars, Candies, Chocolate, Pastries)

A. Nutritional Components

  • High in simple sugars → rapid energy.
  • May contain fats (SFA, TFA) and low-quality protein.
  • Poor source of vitamins and minerals.

B. Hygienic and Health Significance

  • Excess consumption → obesity, insulin resistance, dental caries.
  • Food safety: microbial contamination risk (Staphylococcus, Bacillus spp.); chocolates/ pastries prone to lipid oxidation.
  • Should complement a nutrient-rich diet, not replace essential foods.

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