Difference between partial and total respiratory failure?
Partial- deficit of pulmonary O2 transfer
Total- deficit of pulmonary O2 transport
Mechanisms of respiratory failure
Ventilation perfusion mismatching
Occurs when areas of lung are ventilated but not perfused or vice versa
Severe V/Q mismatching is seen in people with advanced COPD
Hypoxemia associated with V/Q disorders is exaggerated by conditions such as hypoventilation and decreased CO
Hypoxemia associated with ventilation-perfusion disorders often is exaggerated by conditions such as hypoventilation and decreased cardiac output
Altered/Impaired diffusion
Describes condition in which gas exchange between the alveoli and the RBC is impaired because of an increase in distance for diffusion or a decrease in the permeability of alveolar-capillary membrane
Commonly occurs in interstital lung disease, ARDS, pulmonary edema and pneumonia
Hypoxemia due to impaired diffusion can be partially or totally corrected by administration of high concentrations of O2
Alveolar hypoventilation
Occurs when the volume of fresh air moving in and out of lungs is significantly reduced
Commonly caused by conditions outside lung such as depression of respiratory centre, diseases of nerves supplying resp muscles etc
Hypoventilation causes increase in PCO2 of blood (halfing ventilation causes doubling of PCO2)
Hypoxemia that is caused by hypoventilation can be abolished by increasing oxygen content of the inspired air
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