Internal Diseases – Part 1 (Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Phthisiatrics, Cardiology, Haematology) · MU Plovdiv
7. Acute myeloid leukemia
Inside: 13 sections · 4 labelled pictures · 2 tables · 16 flashcards · 5 min
Topic 56 of 68 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Internal Diseases – Part 1 (Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Phthisiatrics, Cardiology, Haematology) (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 12 sections, about 727 words (5 min of reading), with 16 flashcards.
In this note
- Essay 7- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Myeloid lineage of cells
- Definition of leukemia
- Classification of leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Etiology/risk factors
- Pathophysiology
- Classification
- Symptoms
- Physical examination
- Diagnosis
- DD
Definition of leukemia
- Group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of malignant white cells in the bone marrow and blood
Classification of leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute lymphoid leukemia
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- Chronic lymphoid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Who is affected most?
- Mainly seen in adults
- More in males
- Poor prognosis
Etiology/risk factors
- Idiopathic
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Other hematological disorders like myelofibrosis and aplastic anemia
- Severe congenital disorders like Down syndrome, Bloom syndrome
- Environmental exposures- radiation, tobacco smoke, benzene
- Exposure to chemotheraputic agents
Pathophysiology
- Mutations of the genes involved in hematopoiesis
- These mutations result in a clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors in peripheral blood and bone marrow
- Blast cells!
- Many AML ‘driver mutations’ have been identified:
- FLT3
- NPM1
- DNMT3A
- Other mutations are:
- t(8:21)
- t(15:17)
- inv(16) or t(16:16)
Classification
FAB
- M0: Undifferentiated AML
- M1: AML with minimal maturation
- M2: AML with maturation
- M3: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
- M4: Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
- M5: Acute monocytic leukemia
- M6: Acute erythroid leukemia
- M7: Acute megakaryocytic leukemia
WHO 2008
- AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities
- AML with myelodysplasia-related changes
- Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms(t-AML)
- AML, not otherwise specified (more or less the same as the FAB classification)
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