Topic 28 of 43 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Orthopaedics and Traumatology (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 6 sections, about 137 words (1 min of reading), with 13 flashcards.
In this note
Essay 28- Cap breakage
Definition
Etiology (mechanisms)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Definition
Fracture of the kneecap (2% of all fractures)
Etiology (mechanisms)
Direct- transversal or crushed fractures occur
Indirect- contraction of the quadriceps muscle leads to distancing of the fragments
Symptoms
Knee edema
Knee region loses normal delineations
Hemarthrosis (hemorrhage in knee)
Excoriations of skin in front of the kneecap
On palpation- furrow with two protrusions corresponding to distal and proximal fragments
Function of knee is disturbed
Extension of knee not possible
Patient cannot lift leg
Diagnosis
X-ray:
Face and profile projections
Sometimes, in order to specify the state of the patellarfemoral joint, it may be necessary to make an X-ray in a tangential (axial) projection
Treatment
Depends on degree of dislocation
Aim is to resume extension apparatus of knee
In non-dislocated or minimially dislocated fractures- immobilisation by high plaster tutor in extension of knee (30-45 days)
Surgical- blood repositioning and external fixation
Osteosynthesis
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