Otorhinolaryngology · MU Plovdiv

8. Anatomy and physiology of the paranasal sinuses. Clinical Examination of the. Acute and Chronic Rhinosinuitis.

Inside: 36 sections · 27 labelled pictures · 46 flashcards · 33 min

Topic 8 of 18 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Otorhinolaryngology (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 26 sections, about 4,914 words (33 min of reading), with 46 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Anatomy and physiology of the paranasal sinuses. Clinical Examination of the. Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
  2. Paranasal Sinuses
  3. Rhinosinusitis
  4. Classification:
  5. By Duration:
  6. Acute Rhinosinusitis
  7. Chronic Rhinosinusitis
  8. Diagnosis
  9. Clinical Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Cavities
  10. E. Arterial Blood Supply (The Nasal Casket)
  11. II. Clinical Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses
  12. III. Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Cavities
  13. Acute Rhinosinusitis. Allergic Rhinitis,
  14. Clinical Picture Major Symptoms
  15. Paraclinical and Radiological Examinations
  16. Treatment Options
  17. Possible Complications - often from the spread of infection through the thin bone walls of the ethmoid/frontal sinuses:
  18. Differential Diagnosis
  19. Allergic Rhinitis (AR)
  20. Etiopathogenesis
  21. Classification
  22. Clinical Picture
  23. Possible Complications
  24. Chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps. Odontogenic sinusitis.
  25. Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS)
  26. Odontogenic Sinusitis (OS)

Paranasal Sinuses

  • air-filled cavities that communicate with nasal cavities

Anatomy: Sinuses are named by the each bone they found inside

① Frontal Sinus

  • Variable in size & shape, Visible on X-ray 5-6 yo
  • Role in Facial growth & development

Drains: Middle Nasal Meatus via frontonasal duct

Arterial Supply: Supraorbital a & branches of Ophthalmic a.

Innervation: Supraorbital & Supratrochlear nerves

②Ethmoid Sinus Regulation of intranasal pressure

  • Role in Olfaction, Visible on X-ray 1yo
  • Function in filtering and humidifying inhaled air
  • Ethmoidal air cells: Anterior, Medial & Posterior

Drains: Anterior & Medial → Middle Nasal Meatus via ethmoid infundibulum and ethmoid bulla

Posterior → Superior Nasal Meatus

Arterial Supply: branches of Ophthalmic a.

Innervation: Ethmoidal branched of Opthalmic nerve

③ Maxillary Sinus

  • Largest of the paranasal sinuses (common site of infection), Visible on X-Ray 4-5 mo
  • Role in structural support to the face, associated w/congestion

Drains: Middle Nasal Meatus via maxillary sinus ostium

Arterial Supply: branches of Maxillary a.

Innervation: branches of Maxillary nerves

④ Sphenoid Sinus Lightening the skull & Resonance chamber for sound

  • Often asymmetrical in shape & size, Visible on X-ray 3yo (pneumatization)
  • Adjacent to important structures (optic nerve, pituitary gland)
  • Associated with headaches and vision problems

Drains: Sphenoethmoidal recess

Arterial Supply: sphenopalatine artery

Innervation: Vidian nerve & branches of Maxillary nerves

Physiology/ Function of Paranasal sinuses:

  • Humidifying & warming inspired air
  • Regulation of intranasal pressure
  • Increasing surface area for olfaction
  • Lightening the skull
  • Resonance
  • Absorbing Shock
  • Contribute to facial growth

Osteomeatal Unit

  • Collective term for anatomical structures

Middle Nasal Meatus

  • Region of Lateral Nasal Wall
  • Drainage of 2x Ethmoid cells, maxillary sinus & frontal sinus

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