Introduction
This topic covers physical development (the combination of morphological, functional and mental indices that describe a person's growth and capacity to adapt), the indices used to measure it, and acceleration: its features, theories and social problems.
Physical development
Physical development is the quality and functioning of each individual: a combination of morphological, functional and mental indices, characterising the level and dynamics of growth of the human organism and its possibilities for adaptation to the changing environment.
Indices (measures of development)
- Anthropometric: height, weight etc.
- Physiometric: vital capacity, muscular strength
- Somatoscopic: stature, secondary sex signs
- Physical activity: speed, power
Acceleration
Acceleration is the quicker development of the human organism, also called social infantilism. Its features:
- Higher indices at birth
- Earlier teeth
- Earlier menarche
- Earlier finish of growth
Mnemonic (Helimo Not Really Understanding Fowzia Cali): Heliogenic, Nutrigenous, Radio wave, Urbanisation, Fox, Cyclic changes.
Theories of acceleration
- Heliogenic theory of Koch: development is affected by sunlight
- Nutrigenous theory of Lenox: high energy food intake results in acceleration
- Radio wave theory of Traube: close relationship between respiration, muscular activity and heat generation; it contributed to the refutation of Lenox's theory of nutrients
- Theory of urbanisation (urbanisation stress)
- Theory of Fox for the lifestyle level: depends on social levels; poor people accelerate faster
- Theory of cyclic changes
Problems (cons) of acceleration
- Earlier exposure to sex life
- No sense of social responsibility
- Not adapted to school programs
- Military service problems
- Earlier drug abuse, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking