Topic 17 of 74 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Special Surgery (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 20 sections, about 823 words (6 min of reading), with 13 flashcards.
In this note
What is the definition of “empyema thoracis”?
There are defined three stages (phases) of empyema. Which are they?
Which is the most common source of infection in pleural empyema?
Which are the typical symptoms in pleural empyema?
What is the typical physical finding in pleural empyema?
What is “the gold standard” of empyema management?
How can be performed the pleural drainage in pleural empyema?
Which are the therapeutic options in chronic pleural empyema?
What is the definition of “chylothorax”?
What is the pathological characteristic of pleural empyema stage 3?
What is the pathological characteristic of pleural empyema stage 2?
What is the definition of “fibrothorax”?
Treatment of pleural empyema on the base of the stage? (disease progression - EFO)
3 stages of empyema
Stages of pleural empyema and tx
Treatment of organisational stage- decortication
Treatment of fibrinopurulent stage-VATs decortication
3) What are the three stages of empyemas
4) Why are there three stages of empyemas and their treatment?
5) What is the treatment of each stage of empyemas?
What is the definition of “empyema thoracis”?
An empyema → is a collection of pus in a natural body cavity. One of the most common varieties of empyema is empyema thoracis
Empyema thoracis can be defined as a purulent pleural effusion.
Although this infection usually originates from the lung it may enter through the chest wall or from sources below the diaphragm or within the mediastinum.
There are defined three stages (phases) of empyema. Which are they?
The American thoracic society in 1962 divided the formation of an empyema into three distinct stages (phases), indicative of disease progression in the pleural space,
Exudative phase (stage 1)
Fibrinopurulent phase (stage 2)
Phase of organisation (stage 3).
Which is the most common source of infection in pleural empyema?
The lung is the most common source of infection in pleural empyema.
In such cases empyema occurs
By direct bacterial spread across the visceral pleura or
By free intrapleural rupture of microscopic and peripherally located lung abscesses.
Which are the typical symptoms in pleural empyema?
Typical symptoms in pleural empyema are
Pleuritic chest pain
High fever
Cough
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Toxicity.
What is the typical physical finding in pleural empyema?
Physical examination nearly always shows
Diminished mobility of the involved hemithorax
Decreased breath sounds
Dullness to percussion
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