Special Surgery · MU Plovdiv

23. Esophageal cancer

Inside: 9 sections · 5 labelled pictures · 14 flashcards · 3 min

Topic 23 of 74 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Special Surgery (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 9 sections, about 364 words (3 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.

In this note

  1. SIEWERT-STEIN CLASSIFICATION
  2. THEME IX: THE ESOPHAGUS: Esophageal Cancer. Achalasia. Esophageal Diverticula. Caustic Injuries
  3. What does “Barrett’s Esophagus” mean?
  4. Three gross patterns of growth of esophageal cancer are commonly seen. Which are they?
  5. There are two major histological types of esophageal cancer. Which are they?
  6. Which are standard modalities for staging evaluation of the esophageal cancer?
  7. Which is the most common symptom in locally advanced esophageal cancer?
  8. Which method is obliged in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer?
  9. Tumors of the esophagus are conventionally described in terms of distance of the upper border of the tumor to the incisors. When measured from the incisors via endoscopy, the esophagus extends approximately 30 to 40cm. The esophagus is divided into four segments. Which are they?

SIEWERT-STEIN CLASSIFICATION

a system of anatomical classification used for adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction.

Type I- 7cm above anatomical cardia/Gastroesophageal junction. Seen in Adenocarcinoma of distal esophagus.

Type II – 3-2cm above, 1cm below - II- Known as true junctional carcinoma.

Type III- 1cm above, 2 cm below -II- Known as subcardinal carcinoma.

What does “Barrett’s Esophagus” mean?

Barret’s Esophagus is the condition in which the normal squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus is replaced with columnar epithelium in response to chronic exposure to gastric juice.

Three gross patterns of growth of esophageal cancer are commonly seen. Which are they?

Three gross patterns of growth are commonly seen:

  1. I. Ulcerating type: well-defined ulcer with raised, irregular edges.
  2. II. Fungating type: Has a large intraluminal component with an irregular surface
  3. III. Infiltrative type: Has extensive intramural growth, often circumferential, with minimal ulceration

There are two major histological types of esophageal cancer. Which are they?

The two major histological types of esophageal cancer are:

  1. I. Squamous cell carcinoma: Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the squamous mucosa that is native to the esophagus.
  2. II. Adenocarcinoma. Esophageal adenocarcinoma arise from one of the three sites:
  3. i. Submucosal glands of the esophagus,
  4. ii. Heterotopic islands of columnar epithelium
  5. iii. Malignant degeneration of metaplastic columnar epithelium (Barrett’s Esophagus).

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