What is the anatomical distribution in colorectal cancers?
The anatomical distribution in colorectal cancers is:
(Highest from left to right)
Which are the gross pathology forms of colorectal cancers?
Macroscopically, colorectal cancers are classified as follows:
- Polypoid
- Ulcerative
- Annular
- Combination of the three forms.
What is the most common site for metastasis of colorectal carcinomas?
- The liver is the most common site for metastasis of carcinoma of the colon and rectum, followed by lung, retroperitoneum, ovary, peritoneal cavity, and rarely, adrenal glands.
Which is the most common complication of the left-sided colon cancer?
- Complete obstruction of the large bowel (ileus).
Which is the most common complication of the right-sided colon cancer?
- Iron-deficiency anemia (from protracted occult blood loss).
Why as a general rule, all patients with colorectal cancer should have a preoperative colonoscopy or as least an air-contrast barium enema!
- Even if there is a clinically obvious colorectal tumour, radiography and/or colonoscopy should be considered to exclude a synchronous neoplasm and polyps.
What is the standard surgical treatment for patients with localized colon cancer (without distant metastasis)?
- Standard surgical treatment or patients with colon cancer is open surgical resection of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes for localized disease.
- The type of large bowel resection depends on the anatomical localization of the cancer.
colon cancer
Exophitic - Right colon - ascending (Bleeding)
Endophitic - left colon - descending (Bowel obstruction)
TM: CEA
CA-199
Dx
- endoscopy - lower
- CT
- PET-CT
- US
- Early-Stage = radical Surgical resection
- Depends on?
- remaving tumor + LN's + Mesentary
- 1° anastamosis often Possible, unless obstruction 'Discrepency b/w dilated Proximal + narrow Distal
🔧 Types of Colectomy Based on Tumor Location:
🔵 Right-Sided Colon Cancer (cecum, ascending colon, proximal transverse):
- Anatomically:
- The right colon has a wider lumen and liquid stool
- Tumor growth pattern:
- Tumors tend to grow exophytically → outward into the lumen or as fungating masses
- Main complication:
- Chronic bleeding → leads to iron-deficiency anemia
- Less likely to cause obstruction because the lumen is wide and stool is soft
- Typical presentation:
- Fatigue, pallor, weight loss
- Often late diagnosis because symptoms are subtle