Topic 72 of 74 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Special Surgery (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 20 sections, about 658 words (7 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.
The mediastinum is divided into four compartments. Which are they?
Which is the most important Imaging modality in the assessment of mediastinal masses?
Into which compartment of mediastinum lymph nodes are most numerous?
Which is the most common primary tumor of the anterior mediastinum?
Which is the second most common site of primary germ cell tumors, after the gonads?
What is the definition of “pericardial cysts”?
Which are the most congenital foregut cyst of the mediastinum?
Which are the second most common type of congenital foregut cysts of the mediastinum?
What does “paraganglioma” mean?
Which are the most common tumor masses of posterior mediastinum (paravertebral masses)?
In general, what is the treatment strategy in cystic lesions and well - encapsulated mediastinal masses?
What is the definition of “intrathoracic goiter”?
What is the definition of “retrosternal goiter ”?
Which are the most common mediastinal neurogenic tumors in adults?
Which are the most common mediastinal neurogenic tumors in pediatric populations?
What does “superior vena cava syndrome” mean?
What is the common cause of superior of superior vena cava syndrome?
Mediastinal tumours - based on location
most common type of posterior mediastinal tumour in adults.
The mediastinum is divided into four compartments. Which are they?
The four compartments of the mediastinum are:
The superior compartment is that mediastinal territory above an imaginary line drawn from the sternomanubrial junction (angle of Louis) to the interior aspect T4th thoracic vertebra.
The anterior compartment is bounded anteriorly by the periosteum of the posterior wall of the sternly body and posteriorly by the pericardium.
The middle compartment is bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by the pericardium.
The posterior mediastinal compartment extends from the posterior aspect of the pericardium to the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Which is the most important Imaging modality in the assessment of mediastinal masses?
Contrast enhanced computed tomography (Contracts CT) is the most important imaging modality in the assessment of mediastinal masses.
Into which compartment of mediastinum lymph nodes are most numerous?
Although all three mediastinal compartments contain lymph nodes
Nodes are most numerous in the middle mediastinum – tracheobronchial nodes comprise almost 80% of all intrathoracic nodes and they are responsible for the drainage of the lungs.
Which is the most common primary tumor of the anterior mediastinum?
Thymoma is the most common primary tumor of the anterior mediastinum
Accounting for about 15% of all primary mediastinal masses.
Thymoma usually affects patients older than 50 years of age and has no gender predilection.
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