Topic 74 of 74 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Special Surgery (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 21 sections, about 942 words (8 min of reading), with 16 flashcards.
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THEME V: PLEURAL DISEASES
What is the definition of “spontaneous pneumothorax?
There are two subtypes of spontaneous pneumothorax. Which are they?
Which is the most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
Which is the most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax?
What is the definition of ‘subpleural blebs’?
What is the definition of ‘bulla’?
What is the definition of “primary spontaneous pnuemomediastinum”?
What is the definition of “small pneumothorax”?
What is the definition of “catamenial pneumothorax”?
Which are the five most common complications of “spontaneous pneumothorax”?
What is the procedure of choice for the initial management of moderate to large pneumothoraces?
There are two major goals in the surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothoraces. What are they?
When is the surgery indicated at the time of the first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
What is the management of primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum?
Which patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax may be treated expectantly (with observation)?
Definition and causes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
Causes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax?
Methods of treatment of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax?
spontaneous pneumothorax in young males playing sports
12) Spont HT types and causes of type 2
What is the definition of “spontaneous pneumothorax?
A spontaneous pneumothorax → is a type of pneumothorax occurs in patients without thoracic trauma.
There are two subtypes of spontaneous pneumothorax. Which are they?
Spontaneous pneumothorax is divided into two types:
a) Primary → occurs in patients without obvious underlying lung disease.
b) Secondary
Occurs in the presence of an underlying lung condition
Such as COPD, cystic fibrosis, or infection with pneumocystis jiroveci (Formerly known as pneumocystis jiroveci).
Which is the most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
The exact pathophysiology of PSP remains unclear regarding the exact site of the air leaks, its underlying disease process, and its precipitating causes.
The most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is believed to be the rupture of apical subpleural bleb, but exact precipitating event remains unknown
Which is the most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax?
Most commonly, secondary spontaneous pneumothorax results from lung bulla rupture
Bullae usually result from the alveolar wall destruction typically seen in diffuse empyema (COPD).
What is the definition of ‘subpleural blebs’?
Blebs → small (<2cm) subpleural collections of air contained within visceral pleura.
They result from ruptured alveoli with air trapping between the elastica interna and externa of the visceral.
Blebs → are usually found
At the apex of the upper lobes or
Over the superior apices of the lower lobes. 6th segment
Blebs are well demarcated from the remaining normal, although they are still attached to it by narrow neck
They are considered to represent paraseptal variety of emphysema which can occur independently of widespread centriacinar or panacinar emphysema.
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