REGIONS OF THE BACK
- Anatomical landmarks of this region :
- 1. External occipital protuberace
- 2. Spinous process of C7.
- 3. Spinous process of thoracic vertebra.
- ↳ Become obvious during spine flexion, with the T1 being the most prominent.
- 4. Parts of the scapula:
- Sup. Angle : level of T2.
- spine : T3 - T4
- Inf. Angle : T7.
- Several lines are used for descriptive purposes :
- → Vertical lines :
- 1. Post. median line - from occipital protuberance to coccygeal bone.
- 2. Paravertebral lines _ Along the levatores Costarum m.
- 3. Scapular lines - through inf. scapular Angle.
- → Horizontal lines :
- 1. Interspinal line _ Connects the two scapular spines
- 2. Crist lin _ Connects the highest points of the iliac crests, usually btw. L4/L5 vertebrae.
POST. CERVICAL Region.
Borders
Sup.: superior nuchal line.
Inf. : the line connecting the C7 spinous process with acromin scapula.
latlarly : line btw. mastoid processes and acromin scapula.
Surface Anatomy :
- 1. Skin _thick with limited mobility
- 2. Superficial fascia - Contains sensory nerves & blood vessels.
- 3. Deep fascia ; an extension of the investing cervical fascia.
- ↳ Attached medially to the nuchal ligament.
- 4. Muscles.
Suboccipital triangle :
- 1. Borders:
- Floor: Formed by the posterior arch of the atlas (C1 vertebra) and the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (ligament).
- Roof: Composed of the semispinalis capitis muscle, which covers all suboccipital muscles.
- Superomedial border: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle.
- Superolateral border: Obliquus capitis superior muscle.
- Inferolateral border: Obliquus capitis inferior muscle.
- 2. Contents:
- Vertebral artery (third part): Passes through the suboccipital triangle.
- Suboccipital nerve (C1): Also found within this region.
- Suboccipital venous plexus.
- 3. Clinical Relations:
- Occipital neuralgia: A condition associated with pain in the occipital region, often related to the suboccipital triangle 1.