Internal Medicine (Practical) · MU Sofia

31. Functional examination of the thyroid gland. Pancreatic function tests in patients with diabetes mellitus

Covers the laboratory and imaging tests used to assess thyroid function, including TSH, free and total thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, ultrasound and radioactive iodine uptake scintigraphy with a table linking uptake patterns to likely diagnoses. It then moves to pancreatic function tests in diabetes, setting out glucose thresholds for fasting glucose, OGTT, HbA1c and random glucose, insulin and C-peptide markers, and related screening for complications.

Inside: 3 sections · 1 labelled picture · 4 tables · 14 flashcards · 2 min

Topic 30 of 30 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Internal Medicine (Practical) (Medicine, Year 3). The free AceMed note covers it in 3 sections, about 99 words (2 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Functional Examination of the Thyroid Gland & Pancreatic Function Tests in Diabetes Mellitus
  2. PART A: Functional Examination of the Thyroid Gland
  3. PART B: Pancreatic Function Tests in Diabetes Mellitus

PART A: Functional Examination of the Thyroid Gland

I. Blood Tests

II. Imaging Tests

A. Thyroid Ultrasound

  • Shows gland size, nodules, cysts
  • Differentiates solid vs cystic
  • Useful for goiter evaluation, nodular thyroid, cancer suspicion

B. Thyroid Scintigraphy (Radioactive Iodine Uptake – RAIU)

  • Uses I-123 or Tc-99m to evaluate iodine uptake
  • High uptake → Graves’ disease
  • Low uptake → thyroiditis, exogenous hormone intake

PART B: Pancreatic Function Tests in Diabetes Mellitus

I. Glucose Metabolism Tests

II. Insulin Function and Reserve

III. Other Related Tests in DM

  • Lipid profile: Dyslipidemia risk in DM
  • Renal function tests: Monitor diabetic nephropathy
  • Microalbuminuria (urine ACR): Early kidney damage marker
  • Fundus exam: Screen for diabetic retinopathy
  • Foot exam: Neuropathy risk assessment

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