Population dynamics. Migration – types of migration processes. Health influences of migration
Migration:
- Immigration: People coming into a country
- USA, Germany and Russia have most immigrants
- Emigration: People leaving a country
- Push factors:
- Lack of educational opportunities
- Lack of political or religious rights
- Overpopulation
- Military draft, warfare or terrorism
- Pull factors:
- Better opportunities
- Better education
- More job opportunities
- Political freedom
- Urbanization:
- People moving to cities
- Bulgaria:
- 1926: 20,6% urban population
- 2009: 71,1% urban population
- Rapid increase of towns --> Many difficulties --> impact on live style and health
- Water supply
- Food supply
- Home security
- Lack of living territories
- Increase of drug addicts, street criminal and homeless people
- Positive features:
- Better living conditions
- Wide possibilities for electricity, water supply, heating etc.
- Developed system of health care and public health
- Negative features:
- Difficulties in adapting to life in town
- Air pollution, nutrient disorders
- Irregularities of the supplement
- Increase of non-social activities
Influence of Migration:
- Feelings of loss and psycho-social issues related to lower social positions and unemployment
- May lead to feeling of lack of connection to population (failed integration)
- Health risk: Drugs, prostitution as a way to escape social isolation, frustration
“Brain drain”: Many high educated individuals leave a country