48. Health of women: healthcare goals, organization and specific programs for mothers

Health and health care for mothers and children. Role of the physician in the implemention of specific health programs for mothers and children.

• On average,woman live six to eight years longer than man globally
• Maternal health is the health of woman during pregnancy,childbirth and postpartum period.
• Four elements are essential to maternal death prevention

1. 1.Prenatal care
2. 2.Emergancy backup
3. 3.Emergancy care
4. 4.Postnatal care.

• Problems of mother health care are related to social disadvantages associated with gender(subordinate to man)
• girls are far more likely to suffer sexual abuse
• Breast cancer is the leading cancer killing among woman aged 20-59
• to avoid misbalance, WHO tries to improve woman health setting norms/standards(support etc.)
• Low risk pregnancy: bw 18-34 years old,no stillbirth,visiting a gynecologist,no more than 3 previous deliveries, not an alcohol,tobacco or drug abuser
• High risk pregnancy: below 18,over 35 years old,more than one fetus,poor living condition,alcohol etc,psychoemotional stress
• prevent diseases/offer best care to mothers=one of best ways to prevent diseases in newborns(synonym:healthy mother=healthy child)
• According to the United Nations population fund 289,000 woman died of pregnancy or childbirth related causes.
• proven that health children problems(pneumonia,diarrhea,malaria,AIDS...)have as markers maternal age, poor maternal education, unsupported mothers.
• Family planning has an imortant role in prevention of early death/health problems
• Woman with conditions such hypertension, diabetis etc. are at great risk of pregnancy complications+ child has increased of being born preterm, problems with in new-born period.
• nowadays thanks to prenatal intensive care= number of low birth-weight child is decreased( better nutrition, water supplies, immunization, access to fertility control etc.)
• not enough for services to be available
• must also be of high quality and responsive to womens needs
• Antenatal care: checkups during pregnancy
• Delivery care:ensures that emergencies are effectively managed
• Postpartum care: important for detecting and treating infections and other conditions like postpartum depression etc.
• According to United Nations: "a child means every human being below 18"
• main causes of newborn deaths low-birth weight, infections, trauma and asphyxia(lack of oxygen)
• 40% of under five child deaths are among newborn infants
• early childhood is the most important phase for overall development during lifespan
• brain and biological development during first years of life is highly influenced by environment
• Health risks of young people: more than 2.6mil die bw 10-24, HIV,malnutrition,mental health problems,drugs,alcohol,violence,injuries
• CRC (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child)=a rights based assessment tool for child health law