Covers the subthalamus, its subthalamic nucleus and reticular nuclei with zona incerta, then the hypothalamus: its boundaries, mammillary bodies, infundibulum and tuberal area. Lists afferent and efferent connections and the hypothalamic control functions, including autonomic, endocrine, temperature and circadian roles. Ends with a classification of the hypothalamic nuclei into anterior, middle and posterior units in a labelled diagram.
Topic 133 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 6 sections, about 539 words (4 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.
In this note
Sub-thalamus
Hypothalamus :
Afferents :
Efferents :
Functions of the hypothalamus:
Classification according to units:
Sub-thalamus
It is lateral to the hypothalamus, inferior to thalamus, separated from it by the hypothalamic sulcus.
It contains sub-thalamic nucleus (closely related to basal nuclei which involved in control of muscular activity)
Its lesion leads to hemiballismus (violent involuntary movement on one side of the body).
1 Subthalamic nucleus of Luys (nucleus subthalamicus)
functionally it represents a component of the basal nuclei loops
receives afferents from the lateral globus pallidus and precentral gyrus
efferents go to the lateral and medial globus pallidus
2 Reticular nuclei and zona incerta
the nuclei are described as the reticular nuclei (nuclei reticulares) but they are not related to the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS)
receive afferents via the excitation collaterals from the specific thalamic nuclei
efferents are dominantly inhibitory (GABA-ergic) and go into the thalamus and basal nuclei
these nuclei are responsible for determining new impulses and distinguishing them from known stimuli, they are also involved in body temperature control
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