Covers the regio cruris and its neighbouring knee region, beginning with the knee's boundaries and subdivisions, then the anterior knee layers from skin and fascia down to the musculotendinous structures and bursae. It moves to the popliteal fossa with its boundaries and contents, then the leg's circular boundaries and three compartments, and finally the anterior and posterior leg layers, veins, nerves and the fibular canal, tendinous arch and musculofibular canal. The note includes labelled diagrams and a clinical remark on the popliteal artery.
Topic 234 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 9 sections, about 1,904 words (13 min of reading), with 16 flashcards.
In this note
KNEE Region
Boundaries :
Subdivisions :
Anterior Knee Region
Posterior knee Region :
LEG Region (CRUS region)
Boundaries:
Anterior leg region:
Posterior leg Region
Boundaries :
1. Proximal Boundary:
Located two fingers’ width superior to the patella.
2. Distal Boundary:
Passes through the tuberositas tibiae.
3. Vertical Boundaries:
Two vertical lines passing through the epicondyles of the femur.
Subdivisions :
1. Regio Genus Anterior:
The anterior portion of the knee region.
2. Regio Genus Posterior:
The posterior portion of the knee region.
Anterior Knee Region
Extended Leg and Relaxed Muscles:
Patella produces a triangular elevation in the middle.
Slight depression above the patella corresponding to the tendon of m. quadriceps femoris.
Depression inferior to the patella corresponds to lig. patellae.
Elevation distal to the patella produced by tuberositas tibiae.
1. Skin:
Thick and movable in the middle, thinner and less movable on the sides.
2. Superficial Fascia:
Partially lamellar fibrous structure with scarcely distributed fat.
Thicker on the sides of the patella, with fibrous strands attaching to the aponeurotic layer.
Contains rr. cutanei anteriores of n. femoralis and n. infrapatellaris from n. saphenus.
V. saphena magna runs on the medial side, one finger’s width from the medial patella margin.
Contains subcutaneous synovial bursae:
Bursa subcutanea pre-patellaris (in front of the patella).
Bursa subcutanea infrapatellaris (in front of lig. patellae).
Bursa subcutanea tuberositas tibiae (in front of the tibial tuberosity).
Occasionally, another bursa at the medial epicondyle of the femur (“cavalier’s bursa”).
3. Deep Fascia:
Continuation of fascia lata, fixed to tuberositas tibiae and caput fibulae.
Firmly attached to underlying tendons, except in front of the patella.
Loose connective tissue layer containing bursa subtas-cialis prepatellaris intervenes between tendons and patella.
4. Musculotendinous layer
1. Quadriceps Femoris Tendon:
Most anterior structure.
Encloses the patella.
Continues distally as lig. patellae.
2. Retinaculum Patellae:
Mediale and Laterale:
Formed by distal ends of m. vastus medialis and lateralis.
Located on either side of the patella.
3. Bursae:
Bursa Suprapatellaris:
Positioned deep to the quadriceps tendon, proximal to the patella.
Bursa Subtendinea Prepatellaris:
Located between the quadriceps tendon and periosteum of the patella.
Bursa Infrapatellaris Profunda:
Situated deep to lig. patellae.
Bursa Anserina:
Positioned between the posterior part of pes anserinus and the bone.
4. Tendons at the Lateral Border:
M. Biceps Femoris Tendon:
Passes at the lateral border of the anterior knee region.
Tractus Iliotibialis:
Located anterior to the biceps femoris tendon.
5. Tendons at the Medial Border:
Pes Anserinus:
Formed by tendons of m. sartorius, m. gracilis, and m. semitendinosus.
M. Semimembranosus Tendon:
Located deep to the pes anserinus tendons.
6. M. Articularis Genus:
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