Covers the plantar region of the foot: how the concave sole arises from the longitudinal and transverse arches and why this matters for movement and protecting the neurovascular bundles. It then describes the division of the sole into three regions by fascial septa, with a numbered layered list of structures from skin to bones, including the neurovascular bundles and muscles. It closes with the dorsum, its thin fat-poor subcutaneous layer, superficial veins and nerves, tendons, and short muscles, plus clinical notes on plantar fasciitis, flat foot, metatarsal fractures and peripheral oedema.
Topic 236 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 3 sections, about 354 words (2 min of reading), with 12 flashcards.
In this note
PLANTAR REGION
Clinical Significance:
DORSUM Region
PLANTAR REGION
The sole has a concave shape that is formed by the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot. This shape gives the foot flexibility of movement and prevents compression of the neurovascular bundles of the foot. The foot is divided by fascial septa into three regions. These septa are derived from the fascia of the muscles of the 1ˢᵗ and 5ᵗʰ digits.
1 Skin and subcutaneous tissue
2 Plantar aponeurosis
3 Flexor digitorum brevis
4 Neurovascular bundle
4.1 Medial plantar artery
4.2 Medial plantar vein
4.3 Medial plantar nerve
5 Muscles
5.1 Quadratus plantae
5.2 Flexor digitorum longus – four tendons
5.3 Lumbricals
5.4 Flexor hallucis longus – tendon
6 Adductor hallucis – transverse head
7 Neurovascular bundle
7.1 Plantar arch (supplied mainly by the lateral plantar artery)
7.2 Deep plantar venous arch
7.3 Lateral plantar nerve – deep branch
8 Plantar interosseous fascia
9 Tarsal and metatarsal bones
9.1 Plantar interossei
Frontal section of the right foot, distal view
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