TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
- SYNOVIAL JOINTS → BETWEEN ARTICULAR PROCESSES
- CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS → BETWEEN VERTEBRAL BODIES (INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS)
- FIBROUS JOINTS → SMALL LIGAMENTS CONNECTING PARTS OF VERTEBRAE
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC [SECONDARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINT - SYMPHYSIS]
- → FOUND BETWEEN VERTEBRAL BODIES (EXCEPT [C1-C2 AND SACRUM - COCCYX]
STRUCTURE
- → ANNULUS FIBROUS - OUTER FIBROCARTILAGE.
- → NUCLEUS POLPOSUS - CENTRAL GELATINOUS PART, ACT AS SHOCK ABSORBER.
LIGAMENTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLOUMN
- →ANTERIOR LONGITUDNAL LIGAMENT (ALL) → RUNS ALONG ANTERIOR VERTEBRAL BODIES, PREVENTS HYPEREXTENSION
- →POSTERIOR LONGITUDNAL LIGAMENT (PLL) → INSIDE VERTEBRAL CANAL ON POSTERIOR BODIES, PREVENTS HYPERFLEXION LIMITS DISC HERNIATION
- → LIGEMENTA FLAVA → CONNECT LAMINAE OF ADJACENT VERTEBRAE, ELASTIC, HELP RESTORE POSTURE
- → INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS → BETWEEN SPINOUS PROCESSES
- → SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENTS → ALONG TIPS OF SPINOUS PROCESSES
- → NUCHAL LIGAMENT → CONTINUATION OF SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT IN CERVICAL LIGAMENT (C1 - C7)
- → INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENTS → BETWEEN TRANSVERSE PROCESSES
SYNOVIAL JOINTS (ZYGAPOPHYSIAL JOINTS)
- → BETWEEN SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES OF ADJACENT VERTEBRAE
- → PERMIT GLIDING MOVEMENTS, STABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY
SPECIAL CONNECTIONS
- → ATLANTO - OCCIPITAL JOINT (C0 - C1): FLEXION / EXTENSION (YES MOVEMENT)
- → ATLANTO - AXIAL JOINT (C1 - C2): ROTATION (NO MOVEMENT)
LIGAMENTS OF VERTEBRAE