Cytology · MU Pleven

Topic 41 Nerve tissue – general features. Neuroganglion cells: external and internal morphology. Neurosecretory cells.

Covers general features of nervous tissue, including its properties, functions and the CNS and PNS classification, followed by the development of nerve tissue. Describes neurons' cell bodies, axons and dendrites, with neuron classification by number of processes, then sensory and autonomic ganglia and their structure and synapses. Ends with neurosecretory cells, which release neurohormones into capillaries. A picture of a neuron is included.

Inside: 12 sections · 1 labelled picture · 25 flashcards · 6 min

Topic 41 of 59 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Cytology (Medicine, Year 1). The free AceMed note covers it in 12 sections, about 917 words (6 min of reading), with 25 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Topic 41 Nerve tissue – general features. Neuroganglion cells: external and internal morphology. Neurosecretory cells.
  2. Nervous tissue
  3. Classification of the nervous system:
  4. Development of nerve tissue
  5. Nerve cells / neurons
  6. Cell body / perikaryon
  7. Axon
  8. Dendrites
  9. Neuroganglion cells
  10. Sensory ganglion
  11. Autonomic ganglia
  12. Neurosecretory cells

Nervous tissue

  • It’s a specialised tissue that makes up the CNS and PNS
  • Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system – brain, spinal cord and nerves
  • Consists of neurons (which transmit impulses with their processes) and other specialised or supporting cells (neuroglial cells) and additional cells and tissues with which the neurons directly or indirectly interact

Properties:

Irritability – capacity to respond to stimulus – generation of a nerve impulse

Conductivity – capacity to transfer the response throughout the neuron by the plasma membrane

Functions:

  1. 1. Sensing stimuli and creating, analysing and integrating information
  2. 2. Regulates and controls body functions – homeostasis
  3. 3. Provides the unity with the environment
  4. 4. Movement and control of muscles and glands

Nervous tissue has two types of cells:

  • Nerve cells / neurons
  • Glial cells

Classification of the nervous system:

  • Central nervous system
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Peripheral nervous system
  • Sensory neurons (afferent)
  • Motor neurons (efferent)
  • Autonomic nervous system (involuntary; conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac, smooth muscles and glands)
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system (voluntary; conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles)

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