Surgical Procedures
Written by Rhiana Devadasan
12) Basic surgical procedures - Tomy. Stomy.
13) Basic surgical procedures - Incision. Excision. Trepanation.
14) Basic surgical procedures - Anastomosis. Bypass.
15) Basic surgical procedures - Resection. Ectomy. Amputation.
Surgical procedure = a procedure that involves an incision/cutting. (?)
(as opposed to a surgical manipulation that doesn't)
Examples of surgical procedures:
- -tomia
- stomia (gastrostomia, ileostomia, cholecystomia, colostomia, gastrojejunostomia, choledochoduodenostomia, ileotransversostomia)
- incisio
- excisio
- trepanatio
- by-pass
- resectio (stomach, liver, pancreas, parotid gland)
- ectomia
- amputatio
- breast reduction
- breast augmentation
Tomy
Etymology (origin of the word):
-tomy =the cutting of
The suffix "-tomy" is from the Greek word tomos meaning "cutting".
Procedure:
- A surgical incision into the body/structures
- Using a scalpel
Examples:
- Medial sternotomy- for cardiac procedure, incision made from sternal notch to the xiphoid process
- Thoracotomy - division of the chest at the side from the ribs
- Laparotomy - Midline incision along linea alba (most common)
- Pfannenstiel incision- transverse incision below the umbilicus and above the pubic symphysis. Used for caesarean section and hysterectomy
- McBurney incisions-oblique incision made in the right lower quadrant, classically used for appendectomy
- Kocher incision- a subcostal incision used to gain access for gall bladder and/or biliary tree pathology
- Laparoscopic port sites (keyhole surgery), small incision made in the skin which allows instruments to be passed into the abdominal cavity. This includes the use of a camera, cutting and dissecting scissors and gripppers.
To prevent bleeding:
Upon cutting, bleeding can be see. This can be prevented by:
- For very fine surgery of the extremities = the blood may be drained and a tourniquet applied
- The skin and subcutaneous tissues can be infiltrated with a weak solution of adrenaline, which produces vascular constriction.
- Simple pressure on the cut edges for a few minutes usually controls small vessel bleeding. Haemostatic forceps can be applied to individual vessels which may be sealed by compression, by twisting or by ligature.
Closure
Healing will be best if the wound edge retains a good blood supply, absent from infection and are opposed accurately without tension or trauma
- Ischemic edges must be cut back until bleeding is seen.
- Materials used: Stitches, staples, adhesive strips.
- A dressing is placed to protect the area of damage or put pressure on the wound to prevent bleeding.
- Non-absorbable suture or staples need to be removed post-op.