General and Operative Surgery · MU Plovdiv

18. Shock – types, pathophysiology, basic principles of correction.

Inside: 8 sections · 2 labelled pictures · 1 table · 7 min

Topic 18 of 77 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for General and Operative Surgery (Medicine, Year 3). The free AceMed note covers it in 8 sections, about 936 words (7 min of reading).

In this note

  1. Shock
  2. General Pathophysiology (common to all types of shock)
  3. HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
  4. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
  5. DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK
  6. METABOLIC/RESPIRATORY SHOCK
  7. OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK
  8. ENDOCRINE SHOCK

Shock

Written by Rhiana Devadasan

18) Shock - types, pathophysiology, basic principles of treatment.

Shock = physiological state characterized by systemic reduction in tissue perfusion resulting in decreased tissue oxygen delivery. (i.e. an inadequacy of the circulatory system to provide for the body)

General Pathophysiology (common to all types of shock)

  • ↓BF to tissues
  • Whole body circulatory failure
  • Cellular damage due to hypoxia
  • Multiple organ failure

BF to tissues is predominantly dependent on BLOOD PRESSURE.

FACTORS DETERMINING BLOOD PRESSURE ARE:

  1. Blood Vessel's Resistance to Blood Flow - dependent on vessel diameter & length
  2. Cardiac output (HR x SV)

Stages of Shock:

  1. Compensated

Body can compensate & maintain tissue perfusion. This is achieved by BLOOD SHUNTING (direct connection bet. venous & arterial blood w/o oxygenating. Precapillary sphincters close), ↑HR, ↑Strength of contractions, ↑ respiratory function, bronchodilation, etc.

  1. Progressive/Uncompensated

Begins to lose compensation = inadequate perfusion begins. ↓CO, ↑HR, ↑thrombus formation, BF stagnates

  1. Irreversible

Cell & tissue damage and Organ failure.

Types:

Continue reading free

The whole note, all 8 sections, is free with an AceMed account. Premium adds flashcard recall, highlights and Ask AI.

Start freeAlready a member? Open the note