Introduction
This topic covers what plastic and reconstructive surgery is, how its aims differ from those of aesthetic surgery, and the main types of procedures used to restore the form and function of damaged or abnormal tissue. Knowing the types and the logic for choosing between them is the core of a good answer.
Definition and aims
Plastic surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with the repair, reconstruction and modification of the skin, soft tissues, musculoskeletal structures and face and body surface. The word comes from the Greek plastikos, meaning to shape or mould. Reconstructive surgery aims to restore the normal form and function of structures that have been lost or altered by congenital anomalies, trauma, tumour resection, burns, infection or chronic wounds. Aesthetic (cosmetic) surgery aims to change the appearance of structures that are otherwise normal.
- Reconstruction restores function first, then form, and aims for the most natural result possible.
- Replacement tissue should match the lost tissue in type, thickness, colour, texture and mobility where possible.
- Donor-site morbidity should be weighed against the benefit of the reconstruction.