Human Anatomy and Histology · MU Plovdiv

3. Heart. The valves of the heart. Fibrous skeleton of the heart. The conducting system of the heart.

Inside: 12 sections · 12 labelled pictures · 42 flashcards · 11 min

Topic 119 of 212 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Human Anatomy and Histology (Medicine, Years 1 and 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 12 sections, about 1,431 words (11 min of reading), with 42 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Introduction
  2. HEART
  3. Development:
  4. Topography:
  5. Surface features:
  6. CARDIAC WALL
  7. Layers of the cardiac wall:
  8. CARDIAC SKELETON
  9. CONDUCTING SYSTEM of the heart
  10. Sinus-atrial node(SA)
  11. Atrioventricular (AV) node:
  12. Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)

HEART

  • The heart is a muscular organ located in thoracic cavity, behind the sternum
  • The heart consists of 4 chambers seperated by septa & valves.

+ more information of the heart from next topics.

Development:

  • Begins at the 3ʳᵈ week of embroying development.
  • From mesoderm.
  1. The heart begins to develop near the head of the embryo in a region of mesoderm called cardiogenic area.
  2. The endocardium release VEGF stimulate the lateral plate mesoderm. to form 2 heart tubes, and a little cavites start to develop call pericardial cavities.
  3. The 2 heart tubes fuse to form 1 primative tube The 2 pericardial cavities fuse to form 1 cavity.

* The heart tube connected with the cavity by dorsal mesocardium.

  1. The Primitve tube quickly form 5 regions.
  2. 1. Truncus Arteriosus - gives rise to Ascending Aorta
  3. 2. Bulbus Cordis - " " right ventricle.
  4. 3. Primative atrium - " " anterior portion of both atrium.
  5. 4. Primative ventricle - " " left ventricle
  6. 5. Sinus venosus - " " posterior portion of both atria, SA nodes.

↓ looping

  1. The primative heart tube elongates and it begins to fold within the pericardium, eventually forming an C shape......
  2. End of the 5ᵗʰ week, the chambers formed valves are formed.

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