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Medicine · Years 1 and 2 · MU Plovdiv

Human Anatomy and Histology

The full MU Plovdiv syllabus for Human Anatomy and Histology, Medicine, Years 1 and 2: 212 topics, 197 topics with a free study note (16 hours of reading), and 3,356 flashcards. Updated 10 November 2026.

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212
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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Plovdiv syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

First-year final exam 41 topics

  1. 1. Bone as an organ. Types of bones – description, structure - compact and spongy bone tissue. Perios-teum – structure. The skeleton - definition, function.1. The bone as an organ - structure, development and growing. Biological features.3 min · 15 cards
  2. 2. Joints between bones – general characteristics. Solid joints – types.16. Joints system. Bony jo ints: synarthrosis, cartilaginous joints, synostosis.4 min · 14 cards
  3. 3. Synovial joints (diarthroses) - the structure of the synovial joints: basic and additional elements. The classification of the synovial joints.16. Joints system. Bony jo ints: synarthrosis, cartilaginous joints, synostosis.4 min · 13 cards
  4. 4. Vertebral column. Joints of the vertebral column. The vertebral column as a whole. Biomechanics.2. Bones of the vertebral column. · 18. Vertebral column. Vertebral joints: syndesmoses, synchondroses and synovial joints.Configuration and10 min · 28 cards
  5. 5. Skeleton of the thorax. Joints of the thorax. The thorax as a whole. Biomechanics.3. Ribs and sternum. · 19. Thoracic joints. The thorax as a whole.4 min · 21 cards
  6. 6. Joints between the vertebral column and the skull. Biomechanics.Being written
  7. 7. Joints between the skull bones. Temporomandibular joint.16. Joints system. Bony jo ints: synarthrosis, cartilaginous joints, synostosis. · 20. Temporomandibular joint.6 min · 26 cards
  8. 8. Joints of the shoulder girdle. Shoulder joint.21. Joints of pectoral girdle. · 22 Glenohumeral (shoulder joint)3 min · 26 cards
  9. 9. Elbow joint. Joints between the bones of the forearm.23. Elbow joint. Junctions of forearm bones.3 min · 12 cards
  10. 10. Joints of the hand. Carpometacarpal joints. Metacarpophalangeal joints. Interphalangeal joints.24. Wrist joint. Carpal joints.3 min · 28 cards
  11. 11. Joints of the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle as a whole. Biomechanics.26. Joints of pelvic girdle. Shape and size of the pelvis.3 min · 13 cards
  12. 12. Hip joint.3 min · 14 cards
  13. 13. Knee joint.4 min · 14 cards
  14. 14. Joints between the leg bones. Ankle joint.29. Junctions of the leg bones. Ankle joint.5 min · 13 cards
  15. 15. Joints of the foot - subtalar joint and talo-calcaneo-navicular joint. Joints of the foot with liM-ited movement. Interphalangeal joints.30. Subtalar or talocalcaneal joint. Transverse tarsal joint.7 min · 31 cards
  16. 16. Foot as a whole. Arches of the foot. Biomechanics.52. Muscles, fasciae and synovial sheaths of foot. Configuration, mechanics and deformations of the foot.5 min · 11 cards
  17. 17. Structure of skeletal muscle: auxiliary structures, classification of muscles, biomechanics.32. Structure of muscles (body). Structure of fasciae, tendons, sesamoid bones, synovial sheaths and1 min · 12 cards
  18. 18. Muscles of the shoulder girdle - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supply.43. Muscles of shoulder girdle.4 min · 14 cards
  19. 19. Muscles of the upper arm - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supply.44. Muscles of arm. Brachial fascia.2 min · 14 cards
  20. 20. Muscles of the forearm - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supply.45.46 Muscles of forearm6 min · 13 cards
  21. 21. Muscles of the hand - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supply.47. Muscles and synovial sheaths of hand.5 min · 14 cards
  22. 22. Synovial sheaths of the upper limb. Flexor and extensor retinacula.47. Muscles and synovial sheaths of hand.5 min · 14 cards
  23. 23. Muscles of the pelvic girdle - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supply.48. Muscles of pelvis.3 min · 14 cards
  24. 24. Muscles of the femoral region - groups, attachments, action and nerve supply.49. Muscles of thigh. Fascia lata.5 min · 14 cards
  25. 25. Muscles of the leg - groups, attachments, action and nerve supply.50.51 Muscles of leg4 min · 13 cards
  26. 26. Muscles of the foot - groups, attachments, action and nerve supply.52. Muscles, fasciae and synovial sheaths of foot. Configuration, mechanics and deformations of the foot.5 min · 11 cards
  27. 27. Synovial sheaths of the lower limb.52. Muscles, fasciae and synovial sheaths of foot. Configuration, mechanics and deformations of the foot.5 min · 11 cards
  28. 28. Topography of the upper limb – lateral (quadrangular) and medial (triangular) axillary space, humeromuscular canal.245. Axillary Region · 257.258 Regions of arm8 min · 28 cards
  29. 29. Topography of the lower limb - suprapiriform foramen, infrapiriform foramen, vascular, mus-cular and lymphatic lacuna, obturator and femoral canal.266. Gluteal region. · 267. Anterior region of thigh.15 min · 28 cards
  30. 30. Topography of the lower limb – Femoral triangle, adductor canal, popliteal fossa, cruropop-liteus canal, superior and inferior musculoperoneal canal.267. Anterior region of thigh. · 269. Anterior and posterior regions of knee.12 min · 28 cards
  31. 31. The superficial veins of the upper and lower limbs.129. Superficial and deep veins of limbs.3 min · 12 cards
  32. 32. The axillary artery. Position, parts, branches. Anastomoses around the shoulder joint.117. Axillary and brachial arteries.2 min · 13 cards
  33. 33. The arteries of the upper limb - the brachial artery, the radial artery and the ulnar artery. Their position, branches, anastomoses.117. Axillary and brachial arteries. · 118. Radial and ulnar arteries.4 min · 26 cards
  34. 34. The external and internal iliac arteries. Position, branches. Anastomoses around the hip joint.122. Common iliac artery. Internal iliac artery. · 123. External iliac artery. Femoral artery.4 min · 27 cards
  35. 35. The arteries of the lower limb - the femoral artery, the popliteal artery. Position, branches.123. External iliac artery. Femoral artery. · 124. Popliteal artery. Arteries of leg and foot.5 min · 26 cards
  36. 36. Arteries of the leg and foot. Position, branches, anastomoses.124. Popliteal artery. Arteries of leg and foot.3 min · 13 cards
  37. 37. Brachial plexus. The formation, position. Branches of the supraclavicular branches.185. Brachial plexus - formation. Branches of the supraclavicular part.1 min · 10 cards
  38. 38. Musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerve. Origin, position, branches. Areas of sensory and motor innervation.186. Median nerve. · 187. Ulnar nerve. · 189. Axillary nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve.5 min · 30 cards
  39. 39. Radial and axillary nerve. Origin, position, branches. Areas of sensory and motor innervation.188. Radial nerve. · 189. Axillary nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve.4 min · 20 cards
  40. 40. Lumbar plexus. Formation, position, branches.191. Lumbar plexus.1 min · 10 cards
  41. 41. Sacral and coccygeal plexus. Formation, position, branches.192. Sacral plexus - formation and branches.1 min · 10 cards

II. Nervous system and sensory organs 75 topics

  1. 1. Skull (cranium) - facial cranium and neurocranium (cranial skull). Calvaria (calva, vault). The skull of the newborn.10. Calvaria (cranial roof). Fontanelles.3 min · 13 cards
  2. 2. External surface of the base of the skull - elements, passing through the openings and canals.11. Cranial base, external surface. Mandibule2 min · 14 cards
  3. 3. Internal surface of the base of the skull - elements, passing through the openings and canals.229+230. Fronto-parieto-occipital region. Base of the Skull4 min · 15 cards
  4. 4. Lateral aspect of the skull: temporal, infratemporal, and pterygopalatine fossae. Walls, boundaries, communications and elements passing through them.13. Lateral surface of the cranium. Temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa, and pterygopalatine fossa.3 min · 14 cards
  5. 5. Orbit. Walls, communications, and elements passing through them.14. Orbit5 min · 14 cards
  6. 6. Skeleton of the nasal cavity. Walls, communications and elements passing through them.15. Bony nasal cavity.2 min · 11 cards
  7. 7. Nervous system – definition. Types. General characteristics in its structure and organization.143. General principles of organization of the nervous system.1 min · 20 cards
  8. 8. General principles in the function of the nervous system. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic develop-ment of the nervous system.144. Development of the nervous system. · 145. General principles of the histophysiology of the nervous system6 min · 22 cards
  9. 9. Spinal cord - position, shape, size, segments. Meninges and blood supply.146. Spinal cord - shape, topography, blood supply. · 151. Meninges and blood supply of the spinal cord.8 min · 20 cards
  10. 10. Spinal cord. Grey matter - arrangement and structure.147. Gray columns of spinal cord. Spinal laminae.3 min · 10 cards
  11. 11. Spinal cord. The white matter - ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts. Interseg-mental (proper) tracts.148. White substance of spinal cord. Roots. Propriospinal tracts. · 149. Ascending tracts in the spinal cord. · 150. Descending tracts in the spinal cord.14 min · 30 cards
  12. 12. Brain – embryonic development, shape, size. Anatomical and ontogenetic division. Brainstem -new and old parts.152. Encephalon (Brain) - overview and development.3 min · 10 cards
  13. 13. The reticular formation.162. Reticular formation.2 min · 10 cards
  14. 14. Medulla oblongata - position, size, the external view (aspect153 Medulla oblongata5 min · 10 cards
  15. 15. Medulla oblongata - the internal structure – grey matter.153 Medulla oblongata5 min · 10 cards
  16. 16. Medulla oblongata – the internal structure – white matter.153 Medulla oblongata5 min · 10 cards
  17. 17. Pons – description, basilar part - external and internal structure.154. Pons4 min · 10 cards
  18. 18. Pons – description, dorsal part - external and internal structure.154. Pons4 min · 10 cards
  19. 19. Cerebellum – description, external structure.155. Cerebellum – body of cerebellum and internal features.3 min · 10 cards
  20. 20. Cerebellum – cortex.155. Cerebellum – body of cerebellum and internal features.3 min · 10 cards
  21. 21. Cerebellum – nuclei and white matter.155. Cerebellum – body of cerebellum and internal features. · 156. Afferent and efferent cerebellar connections.6 min · 20 cards
  22. 22. The fourth ventricle. Rhomboid fossa. Cerebrospinal fluid - formation, circulation, and drain-age.157. Fourth ventricle. · 172. Arachnoid mater and pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid circulation.3 min · 20 cards
  23. 23. Midbrain - external structure.158. Mesencephalon (Midbrain).4 min · 10 cards
  24. 24. Midbrain – internal structure – cerebral peduncles, tectum.158. Mesencephalon (Midbrain).4 min · 10 cards
  25. 25. Midbrain – internal structure, tegmentum.158. Mesencephalon (Midbrain).4 min · 10 cards
  26. 26. Diencephalon – dorsal thalamus.159.160 Diencephalon (Interbrain): thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus.hypothalamus9 min · 10 cards
  27. 27. Metathalamus, epithalamus. The third ventricle.159.160 Diencephalon (Interbrain): thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus.hypothalamus · 161. Third ventricle.10 min · 20 cards
  28. 28. Diencephalon – ventral thalamus.159.160 Diencephalon (Interbrain): thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus.hypothalamus9 min · 10 cards
  29. 29. Diencephalon – hypothalamus.159.160 Diencephalon (Interbrain): thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus.hypothalamus9 min · 10 cards
  30. 30. Cerebrum (forebrain) – description, embryonic development. Exterior of the hemispheres – sulci, gyri.163. Telencephalon (Cerebrum, Endbrain) - sulci and gyri.4 min · 10 cards
  31. 31. Cerebral cortex. Structure. Isocortex and allocortex.164. Structure of the cerebral cortex. Cytoarchitectonics.2 min · 10 cards
  32. 32. Cortical areas. Localization of cortical functions.165. Cortical areas. Localization of the functions in the cerebral cortex.6 min · 10 cards
  33. 33. Basal nuclei of the cerebrum.167. Basal nuclei of the telencephalon. · Basal part of the brain6 min · 10 cards
  34. 34. White matter of the hemispheres.166. Myeloarchitectonics of the telencephalon. Corpus callosum. Commissurae. Capsula interna.4 min · 10 cards
  35. 35. Olfactory apparatus (rhinencephalon). Olfactory pathway.168.+169 Olfactory bulb and other olfactory structures. · 212. Olfactory organ. Olfactory sensory system. olfactrory system4 min · 20 cards
  36. 36. Limbic system – limbic cortex.179. Limbic functional system.5 min · 10 cards
  37. 37. Limbic system – limbic nuclei and limbic pathways.179. Limbic functional system.5 min · 10 cards
  38. 38. The lateral ventricle. Ventricular system.170. Lateral ventricle.1 min · 10 cards
  39. 39. The meninges of the brain – dura matter.171. Cranial dura mater. Dural venous sinuses.6 min · 10 cards
  40. 40. The meninges of the brain – arachnoid and pia matter.172. Arachnoid mater and pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid circulation.1 min · 10 cards
  41. 41. Blood supply of the brain.173. Blood supply of the brain - arteries and veins.7 min · 10 cards
  42. 42. Ascending pathways for general sensation. Pathway for superficial mechanoreception.174. Exteroceptive system for mechanoreception.1 min · 10 cards
  43. 43. Ascending pathways for general sensation. Pathway for pain and temperature.175. System for pain and temperature.3 min · 10 cards
  44. 44. Ascending pathways for general sensation. Pathway for proprioception. Pathway for internal sensation.176. System for proprioreception.1 min · 10 cards
  45. 45. Visual sensory pathway.216. Retina. Optic nerve. Visual sensory system.3 min · 10 cards
  46. 46. Acoustic and vestibular sensory pathway.200. Cochlear nerve of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). Auditory sensory system. · 201. Vestibular nerve of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Vestibular sensory system.3 min · 20 cards
  47. 47. Efferent pathways from the cerebral cortex. The pyramid system).177.178 Motor system. Pyramidal, oculomotor and corticonuclear systems.7 min · 10 cards
  48. 48. Efferent pathways from the cerebral cortex. The extrapyramid system.Being written
  49. 49. Neuro- endocrine pathway. Central transmitter systems.Being written
  50. 50. Peripherial nervous system – discription. Cranial nerves – general characteristics.Being written
  51. 51. Third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves - nuclei, position, characteristics. Course of the nerve, branches, area of distribution.194. Oculomotor, trochlear and abducent nerves.2 min · 10 cards
  52. 52. Trigeminal nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The ganglion of the nerve. The first branch of the nerve - course, branches, area of distribution.195. Trigeminal nerve (V) - nuclei, branches and regions of nerve supply. · 196. Ophthalmic nerve (V1).4 min · 20 cards
  53. 53. Trigeminal nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The ganglion of the nerve. The second branch of the nerve - course, branches, area of distribution.195. Trigeminal nerve (V) - nuclei, branches and regions of nerve supply. · 197. Maxillary nerve (V2).4 min · 20 cards
  54. 54. Trigeminal nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The ganglion of the nerve. The third branch of the nerve - course, branches, area of distribution.195. Trigeminal nerve (V) - nuclei, branches and regions of nerve supply. · 198. Mandibular nerve (V3).4 min · 20 cards
  55. 55. Facial nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The course, branches, area of distribution.199. Facial nerve (VII). Intermediate nerve.3 min · 10 cards
  56. 56. Glossopharyngeal nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The course, branches, area of distri-bution.202. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).2 min · 10 cards
  57. 57. Vagus nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The course, branches, area of distribution.203. Vagus nerve (X).3 min · 10 cards
  58. 58. Accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve. Nuclei - position, characteristic. The course of the nerves, branches, area of distribution.204. Accessorius nerve (XI). Hypoglossal nerve (XII).2 min · 10 cards
  59. 59. Spinal nerves - number, groups, formation. Functional or analysis of the spinal nerves. The spinal ganglion. Dorsal branches of the spinal nerves.182. Spinal nerves - formation. Spinal ganglia. Reflex arch. · 183. Posterior or dorsal rami of spinal nerves.7 min · 20 cards
  60. 60. Autonomic nervous system - definition, criteria for division into sympathetic and parasympa-thetic divisions. Reflex arch. Analysis of its neurons. Autonomic ganglia. Differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous system.205. General principles of organization of the autonomic (vegetative) nervous system. Autonomic reflex arch.2 min · 10 cards
  61. 61. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - nuclei, sympathetic trunk, prevertebral ganglia, nerves.207.208.209 Sympathetic part of the autonomic (vegetative) nervous system. Overview. Cranial and cervical part5 min · 10 cards
  62. 62. Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Cranial and sacral parasympathetic outflow - nuclei, ganglia, nerves.206. Parasympathetic part of the autonomic (vegetative) nervous system.2 min · 10 cards
  63. 63. Plexuses of the autonomic nervous system in the thorax, abdominal and pelvic cavities - for-mation, position, organs innervated by themBeing written
  64. 64. Gustatory organ. Gustatory sensory pathway.213. Gustatory organ . Gustatory sensory system.2 min · 10 cards
  65. 65. Organ of vision - general remarks. The eyeball - shape, position, size. Outer (fibrous) coat – general characteristics, ontogenesis.214. Eye - overview and development. · 215. Vascular and Fibrous layer of eyeball.5 min · 20 cards
  66. 66. The eyeball - middle (vascular) coat - parts, description.215. Vascular and Fibrous layer of eyeball.4 min · 10 cards
  67. 67. Retina. Optic nerve.216. Retina. Optic nerve. Visual sensory system.3 min · 10 cards
  68. 68. Internal nucleus of the eyeball.217. Chambers of eyeball. add1 min · 10 cards
  69. 69. Accessory organs of the eyeball - extraocular muscles.218. Extra-ocular muscles. Eyelids.4 min · 10 cards
  70. 70. Accessory organs of the eyeball – eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva. Lacrimal apparatus.218. Extra-ocular muscles. Eyelids. · 220. Lacrimal apparatus. Conjunctiva.6 min · 20 cards
  71. 71. Acoustic and vestibular organ – general characteristics, ontogenesis. External ear.221. External ear. Tympanic membrane.3 min · 10 cards
  72. 72. Middle ear.222. Middle ear - tympanic cavity. · 223. Auditory ossicles. Auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube.6 min · 20 cards
  73. 73. Internal ear. The bony labyrinth.224.225.226 Internal ear - bony labyrinth.6 min · 10 cards
  74. 74. Internal ear. The membranous labyrinth - cochlear part. Organ of Corti. Cochlear nerve. Path-way of hearing.200. Cochlear nerve of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). Auditory sensory system. · 224.225.226 Internal ear - bony labyrinth.8 min · 20 cards
  75. 75. Internal ear. The membranous labyrinth - vestibular part. Organ of equilibrium. Vestibular nerve. Pathway of equilibrium.201. Vestibular nerve of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Vestibular sensory system.1 min · 10 cards

Second-year final exam 57 topics

  1. 1. Cardiovascular system. General microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of its organs. Major (or systematic) circulation and lesser (or pulmonary) circulation. Embryonic devel-opment of major blood vessels. Fetal circulation.109. General structure of the wall of blood vessels. Arteries, veins and capillaries. · 110. Vessels and functional properties of the pulmonary circulation. · 131. Fetal blood circulation. Changes in the vascular system at birth.5 min · 40 cards
  2. 2. Heart. Embryonic development. Macroscopic characteristics. Atria and ventricles.102. Heart (cor). Development, topography and external relief. · 103. Heart chambers. Cardiac valves.7 min · 29 cards
  3. 3. Heart. The valves of the heart. Fibrous skeleton of the heart. The conducting system of the heart.103. Heart chambers. Cardiac valves. · 104. Structure of the cardiac wall. Fibrous skeleton of the heart. · 107. Conducting system of the heart.11 min · 42 cards
  4. 4. Heart – microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of the heart wall. Nerve and blood supply.104. Structure of the cardiac wall. Fibrous skeleton of the heart. · 106. Blood supply of the heart - arteries and veins.7 min · 26 cards
  5. 5. Arteries. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of the arterial wall. Classifi-cation.109. General structure of the wall of blood vessels. Arteries, veins and capillaries.2 min · 14 cards
  6. 6. Aorta. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of its wall.109. General structure of the wall of blood vessels. Arteries, veins and capillaries.2 min · 14 cards
  7. 7. Veins. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of the venous wall. Classifica-tion.109. General structure of the wall of blood vessels. Arteries, veins and capillaries.2 min · 14 cards
  8. 8. Microcirculatory blood system. Arterioles, venules, capillaries. Classification. Microscopic, ultra-microscopic and functional characteristics. Arteriovenous anastomoses.Being written
  9. 9. Lymphatic (immune) system. Lymph vessels – microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional char-acteristics of the wall. Lymph.132. Lymphoid system. Overview. Structure of the wall of the lymphatic vessels. Main lymphatic vessels.2 min · 16 cards
  10. 10. Lymphatic (immune) system. Lymph organs. Classification. General microscopic, ultramicroscop-ic and functional characteristics of the organs.Being written
  11. 11. Lymph nodes. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Tonsils – principal structure.133. Lymph node - structure. · 134. Tonsils - structure.2 min · 27 cards
  12. 12. Thymus. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Blood-thymus barrier. Blood and nerve supply. Bone marrow. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics.135. Thymus. · 137. Bone marrow3 min · 26 cards
  13. 13. Spleen. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.136. Spleen4 min · 16 cards
  14. 14. Digestive system- the major organs of the digestive system. Principal structure of tubular and par-enchymatous organs.53. Alimentary system - overview and development3 min · 10 cards
  15. 15. Oral cavity. Embryonic development. Oral vestibule, lips, cheeks, gums. Macroscopic and micro-scopic characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.54. Oral cavity. · Oral cavity (Lip)2 min · 17 cards
  16. 16. Oral cavity. Proper oral cavity. Hard palate, soft palate, oral diaphragm, oropharyngeal isthmus. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.54. Oral cavity.1 min · 10 cards
  17. 17. Teeth. Characteristics of human dentition. Macroscopic characteristics of the teeth. Functional groups. Deciduous and permanent dentition – characteristics.56. Teeth - permanent and deciduous. Development and histological structure of the tooth.2 min · 10 cards
  18. 18. Teeth. Embryonic development. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of enamel and dentin.56. Teeth - permanent and deciduous. Development and histological structure of the tooth. · Teeth5 min · 24 cards
  19. 19. Teeth. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of cement, pulp, periodontium. Parodont. Blood and nerve supply.56. Teeth - permanent and deciduous. Development and histological structure of the tooth. · Teeth5 min · 24 cards
  20. 20. Tongue. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Lingual papillae – types. Muscles of the tongue. Blood and nerve supply.55. Tongue. · Tongue4 min · 44 cards
  21. 21. Salivary glands - types. Parotid gland. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.57. Major salivary glands – parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland. · salivary glands8 min · 44 cards
  22. 22. Submandibular and sublingual gland. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.57. Major salivary glands – parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland. · salivary glands8 min · 44 cards
  23. 23. Pharynx - Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.59. Pharynx.2 min · 10 cards
  24. 24. Esophagus. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.60. Oesophagus. · Oesophagus6 min · 25 cards
  25. 25. Stomach. Embryonic development. Macroscopic structure of the stomach.61-62. Stomach - topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. · Stomach7 min · 32 cards
  26. 26. Stomach. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of the wall. Blood and nerve supply.61-62. Stomach - topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. · Stomach7 min · 32 cards
  27. 27. Small intestine. Embryonic development. Parts. Duodenum. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicro-scopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.63. Small intestine – duodenum.. · Small intestine (duodenum + mesenteric)6 min · 30 cards
  28. 28. Small intestine. Jejunum and ileum. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.64. Small intestine - jejunum and ileum.1 min · 10 cards
  29. 29. Large intestine. Embryonic development. Parts. Caecum and colon. Vermiform appendix Macro-scopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.65. Large intestine - caecum, appendix and colon. · Large intestine9 min · 22 cards
  30. 30. Rectum. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.66. Large intestine - rectum.2 min · 10 cards
  31. 31. Pancreas. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of exocrine and endocrine part. Blood and nerve supply.67. Pancreas. · 101. Endocrine pancreas. Gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system.4 min · 20 cards
  32. 32. Liver. Embryonic development. Macroscopic structure.68-69. Liver - shape, topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. · Liver11 min · 25 cards
  33. 33. Liver. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Types of hepatic lobules. Blood and nerve supply.68-69. Liver - shape, topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. · Liver11 min · 25 cards
  34. 34. Biliary system. Intra- and extrahepatic ducts. Gall bladder. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicro-scopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.70. Bile ducts. Gallbladder.1 min · 26 cards
  35. 35. Respiratory system. Embryonic development. Major organs of the respiratory system -principal structure.72. Respiratory system - overview and development.1 min · 10 cards
  36. 36. Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal air sinuses. Macroscopic structure. Respiratory and olfactory parts of the nasal mucosa - microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.73. Nose. Nasal cavity. Paranasal sinuses.7 min · 10 cards
  37. 37. Larynx. Macroscopic structure.74. Larynx. · Larynx7 min · 23 cards
  38. 38. Laryngeal cavity. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.74. Larynx. · Larynx7 min · 23 cards
  39. 39. Trachea and main (principal) bronchi. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.Trachea1 min · 28 cards
  40. 40. Lungs. Embryonic development. Macroscopic structure. Bronchial tree - microscopic, ultramicro-scopic and functional characteristics.76-77. Lung - shape, topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. · Lung + Developing lung15 min · 29 cards
  41. 41. Lungs. Respiratory compartment - microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood-air barrier. Blood and nerve supply.76-77. Lung - shape, topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. · Lung + Developing lung15 min · 29 cards
  42. 42. Urinary system. Embryonic development. Kidneys and renal parenchyma. Macroscopic character-istics.79. Urinary system - overview and development. · 80-81. Kidney- shape, topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. add interna structrue10 min · 20 cards
  43. 43. Kidneys. Nephron - microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Filtration barrier. Endocrine apparatus. Blood and nerve supply.80-81. Kidney- shape, topography, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply. add interna structrue · Kidney9 min · 22 cards
  44. 44. Excretory renal ducts - minor and major calyces, pelvis. Ureter and urinary bladder. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.82. Renal pelvis and ureter. · 83. Urinary bladder.10 min · 20 cards
  45. 45. Endocrine system. Classification. General macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of endo-crine organs. Endocrine organoids in non-endocrine organs.Being written
  46. 46. Endocrine system. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. Pituitary and pineal gland. Embryonic de-velopment. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.96. Pituitary gland or hypophysis. · 97-98. Pineal gland or epiphysis.7 min · 20 cards
  47. 47. Endocrine system. Thyroid and parathyroid glands. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, micro-scopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.97-98. Pineal gland or epiphysis. · 99. Parathyroid glands.5 min · 20 cards
  48. 48. Endocrine system. Suprarenal gland. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultra-microscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply. APUD – system.100. Suprarenal glands. Paraganglia.3 min · 10 cards
  49. 49. Male reproductive system. Testis and epididymis. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, micro-scopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood-testicular barrier. Blood and nerve supply.86. Testis. · 87. Epididymis. Ductus deferens. Funiculus spermaticus (spermatic cord).9 min · 20 cards
  50. 50. Male reproductive system. Ductus deferens. Seminal vesicles. Prostate gland. Bulbourethral glands. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.87. Epididymis. Ductus deferens. Funiculus spermaticus (spermatic cord). · 88. Seminal vesicles. Prostate. Bulbo-urethral glands.13 min · 20 cards
  51. 51. Male reproductive system. Penis. Male urethra. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.84. Male and female urethra. · 89. Penis. Scrotum.8 min · 20 cards
  52. 52. Female reproductive system. Ovary. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultrami-croscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.90. Ovary.2 min · 10 cards
  53. 53. Female reproductive system. Uterine tubes (oviducts). Embryonic development. Macroscopic, mi-croscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.91. Uterine tube.5 min · 10 cards
  54. 54. Female reproductive system. Uterus. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of the wall. Ovario-menstrual cycle. Microscopic and functional characteristics of the four phases. Blood and nerve supply.92. Uterus.6 min · 10 cards
  55. 55. Female reproductive system. Vagina. External genital organs. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultrami-croscopic and functional characteristics. Blood and nerve supply.93. Vagina. Female external genitalia.3 min · 10 cards
  56. 56. Integument. Non-hair skin – parts. Microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics.227.228 Skin. Epidermis and dermis. Glands8 min · 10 cards
  57. 57. Integument. Hair skin. Hair, sweat, sebaceous and mammary glands, nail. Microscopic, ultramicro-scopic and functional characteristics.227.228 Skin. Epidermis and dermis. Glands8 min · 10 cards

II. Regional anatomy 39 topics

  1. 58. Head. Topographic regions. Blood supply, motor and sensory innervation of the face and the head.Being written
  2. 59. Frontoparietooccipital region.229+230. Fronto-parieto-occipital region. Base of the Skull4 min · 15 cards
  3. 60. Parotideomasseteric region.238. Parotideomassetreric region1 min · 14 cards
  4. 61. Temporal region. Buccal region.231. Temporal and mastoid regions. · 233. Facial region. Infraorbital, zygomatic, mental and buccal regions.7 min · 28 cards
  5. 62. Infratemporal region.2 min · 16 cards
  6. 63. Peripharyngeal regionBeing written
  7. 64. Neck. Topographic regions. Subcutaneous elements in the cervical region.Being written
  8. 65. Cervical fascia and connective tissue spaces.239. Fasciae and connective tissue spaces of the neck.4 min · 15 cards
  9. 66. Submandibular triangle.2 min · 16 cards
  10. 67. Carotid triangle.2 min · 15 cards
  11. 68. Common carotid artery. External and internal carotid artery. Distribution and branches of the ex-ternal carotid artery in the cervical region.112-114. External and Internal carotid artery +( Opthalmic Artery)4 min · 14 cards
  12. 69. Infrahyoid region.Being written
  13. 70. Lateral cervical region.1 min · 14 cards
  14. 71. Antescalenus, interscalenus, and scalenovertebral spaces.Being written
  15. 72. The subclavian artery. Position and branches.116. Subclavian artery.2 min · 13 cards
  16. 73. Back. Regions. Muscles of the back – groups.36 + 37 Back muscles · 247. Regions of the back15 min · 29 cards
  17. 74. Thorax. Topographic regions. Thoracic wall – muscles, intercostal spaces. Layered topography.39. Muscles of thorax.2 min · 31 cards
  18. 75. Axillary fossa. Location, structure, content.245. Axillary Region4 min · 13 cards
  19. 76. Thoracic cavity. Pleura. Pleural cavity. Projections of the pleura.78. Pleura. Pleural cavity.4 min · 10 cards
  20. 77. Diaphagm.40. Diaphragm.3 min · 13 cards
  21. 78. Mediastinum. Borders. Division. Superior mediastinum.236 midiastaum5 min · 15 cards
  22. 79. Mediastinum. Borders. Division. Anterior and middle mediastinum. Projections of the heart.236 midiastaum5 min · 15 cards
  23. 80. Mediastinum. Borders. Division. Posterior mediastinum.236 midiastaum5 min · 15 cards
  24. 81. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta - branches.111. Aorta · 119. Aortic arch. Thoracic aorta.3 min · 27 cards
  25. 82. Superior vena cava. Formation. Position, major tributaries. Cava-caval anastomoses.125. Superior Vena Cava The head and neck supply · 128. Anastomoses between the systems of the both venae cavae (cava-caval anastomoses).11 min · 25 cards
  26. 83. Abdomen. Antero-lateral abdominal wall. Regions. Layered topography – fasciae, muscles.250. Vetro Lateral Abdominal wall · 41. Muscles of abdomen5 min · 30 cards
  27. 84. Inguinal canal. Rectus abdominis sheath. Linea alba.42. Inguinal canal.1 min · 13 cards
  28. 85. Abdominal cavity. Walls, regions. Peritoneum - structure, blood and nerve supply. Peritoneal com-partment of the abdominal cavity.251. Abdominal cavity · 71. Peritoneum.12 min · 25 cards
  29. 86. Upper region of the peritoneal cavity. Organs, peritoneal structures, topographic relations of the organs, vessels and nerves.Being written
  30. 87. Omental bursa. Greater omentum – formation, parts.Being written
  31. 88. Portal vein. Formation, position. Anastomoses with the superior and inferior venae cavae.128. Anastomoses between the systems of the both venae cavae (cava-caval anastomoses). · 130. System of the hepatic portal vein. Porto-caval anastomoses.7 min · 24 cards
  32. 89. Lower region of the peritoneal cavity. Organs, peritoneal structures, topographic relations of the organs, vessels and nerves.252. Inferior Compartment of the abdominal cavity5 min · 15 cards
  33. 90. The unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta - the coeliac trunk, the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Position and branches.120+121. Abdominal aorta - paired and unpaired branches.1 min · 13 cards
  34. 91. The hepatic portal system - constituting veins. Position of the portal vein. Anastomoses between the portal and systematic circulation.130. System of the hepatic portal vein. Porto-caval anastomoses.5 min · 14 cards
  35. 92. The abdominal aorta. Parietal (lateral) and paired visceral branches.120+121. Abdominal aorta - paired and unpaired branches.1 min · 13 cards
  36. 93. The superior and inferior vena cava. Position. Main tributaries. Anastomoses between the two caval veins.125. Superior Vena Cava The head and neck supply · 127. Inferior vena cava. Veins of the pelvis and the lower part of the abdominal wall. · 128. Anastomoses between the systems of the both venae cavae (cava-caval anastomoses).13 min · 39 cards
  37. 94. Peritoneal cavity. Pelvic region - organs, peritoneal structures, and recesses.254. Peritoneal and subperitoneal division of the pelvis.5 min · 16 cards
  38. 95. Subperitoneal space - organs, and spaces.254. Peritoneal and subperitoneal division of the pelvis.5 min · 16 cards
  39. 96. Subcutaneous pelvic region. Perineum. Ischioanal fossa.255. Subcutaneous division of the pelvis. Ischioanal fossa · 94. Perineum - muscles and fasciae.7 min · 26 cards

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