Human Anatomy and Histology · MU Plovdiv

65. Organ of vision - general remarks. The eyeball - shape, position, size. Outer (fibrous) coat – general characteristics, ontogenesis.

Inside: 10 sections · 7 labelled pictures · 20 flashcards · 5 min

Topic 106 of 212 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Human Anatomy and Histology (Medicine, Years 1 and 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 10 sections, about 755 words (5 min of reading), with 20 flashcards.

In this note

  1. EYE
  2. Overview:
  3. Development:
  4. FIBROUS LAYER of the eyeball
  5. The Sclera:
  6. The Cornea:
  7. VASCULAR LAYER (of the eyeball)
  8. Choroid:
  9. Iris:
  10. Ciliary body:

Overview:

  • The human eye is a remarkable sensory organ capable of recieving visual images & relaying them to the brain.
  • The eye is protected within a bony socket called the orbits.

Besides the eyes, the orbits host several structures, that support the eyeballs including muscles, vessels, nerves & a gland.

Main eye structures:

  1. Cornea - transparent tissue at the front of the eye.
  2. Iris
  3. Lense
  4. Retina
  5. Optic nerve
  6. Extraocular muscles.

Development:

  • Ectoderm
  • Neural tube
  • forebrain
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
  • At 22-days ,eyes appear as a pair of shallow grooves on the side of the forebrain (optic vesicles).
  • As the optic vesicles extend toward the surface ectoderm:
  • the proximal portion constricts to form the optic stalk (which becomes the future optic nerve).
  • the distal portion invaginates to form the optic cup.

* development of individual structures:

  • Lense: the lense vesicle forms through interactions between the optic vesicle & the overlying surface ectoderm.
  • Cornea, Iris & Ciliary Body: from optic cup & surrounding tissues.

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