Topical cortical syndromes
Definition: Topical cortical syndromes are neurological deficits resulting from lesions of specific areas of the cerebral cortex. Symptoms depend on the function of the affected lobe.
1.Frontal Lobe Syndrome
Functions
- Voluntary motor activity
- Behavior and personality
- Speech production (Broca area)
- Executive functions
Clinical Features
- Contralateral hemiparesis
- Behavioral and personality changes
- Impaired judgment and planning
- Primitive reflexes (grasp reflex)
- Broca aphasia (dominant hemisphere)
- Urinary incontinence
2.Parietal Lobe Syndrome
Functions: Somatic sensation. Spatial orientation. Praxis. Body awareness
Clinical Features: Contralateral sensory loss. Astereognosis. Apraxia (dominant hemisphere). Agraphia. Acalculia. Right-left disorientation. Hemineglect (non-dominant hemisphere)
Gerstmann Syndrome (Dominant parietal lesion): Agraphia. Acalculia. Finger agnosia. Right-left disorientation
3.Temporal Lobe Syndrome
Functions: Hearing. Memory. Language comprehension. Emotion
Clinical Features: Memory impairment. Auditory hallucinations. Complex partial seizures. Wernicke aphasia (dominant hemisphere). Visual field defects (superior quadrantanopia)
4.Occipital Lobe Syndrome
Functions: Vision
Clinical Features: Contralateral homonymous hemianopia. Visual agnosia. Cortical blindness. Visual hallucinations
Dominant vs Non-Dominant Hemisphere