Epilepsy. Etiology, Classification, Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
Bucal Diazepam should it be diluted? No - Nothing but blood & PH - If you try it'll Perticipate + lose it's activity.
- Epilepsies are defined as chronic diseases of the brain with various etiologies, which are characterized by repeating epileptic seizures, caused by extreme excitation of damaged neurons.
- NB A single seizure or a seizure during acute impairment without repetition does NOT mean a diagnosis of epilepsy.
1. G 2. G+E 3. Immune - Glu or NMDA 4. Epilepy Predisposition 5. Acquired 6. Idiopathic 20% (Genetic) 7. Symptom 40% 8. Cryptogenic 40%
Etiology (8)
Multifactorial disease:
- Genetic: Chromosomal abnormalities, Genetic Metabolic disorders
- Genetic + environmental factors
- Immune (antibodies against glutamate receptors)
Acquired: Perinatal damage • Brain Malformations • Tumors • Cranial Trauma • Valvular disease • Inflammation • Alcohol Abuse
- Acquired (associated with direct or indirect damage – perinatal pathology, brain malformations, tumors, cranial trauma, vascular disease, inflammation, alcohol abuse)
- Epileptic predisposition
- Idiopathic (genetic) epilepsy (20%) – with known or suspected genetic defect
Symptomatic: Structural a) Acquired b) Genetic lesion; Functional Metabolic i.e. Leucodystrophies
- Symptomatic (structural/metabolic) – structural lesions in cases with acquired diseases of CNS (stroke, trauma, infections), structural lesions with genetic causes (some cortical malformations, tuberous sclerosis) and metabolic causes (leucodystrophias, etc.) – in 40%.
- Cryptogenic (unknown cause) – suspected, but not definitely proven cause in 40%.