Otorhinolaryngology · MU Plovdiv

15. Anatomy and physiology of the larynx. Methods of Examination. Stridor. Malformations of the larynx. Diphtheria. Acute Subglottic Laryngitis. Acute Epiglottitis. Acute laryngitis. Angioneurotic Laryngeal Edema. Chronic Nonspecific Laryngitis. Reinke's Edema. Tuberculous Laryngitis

Inside: 24 sections · 31 labelled pictures · 45 flashcards · 25 min

Topic 15 of 18 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Otorhinolaryngology (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 24 sections, about 3,602 words (25 min of reading), with 45 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Anatomy and physiology of the larynx. Methods of Examination. Stridor. Malformations of the larynx. Diphtheria. Acute Subglottic Laryngitis. Acute Epiglottitis. Acute laryngitis. Angioneurotic Laryngeal Edema Chronic Nonspecific Laryngitis. Reinke's Edema. Tuberculous Laryngitis.
  2. Anatomy of Larynx
  3. Membranes and ligaments:
  4. Muscles:
  5. Blood supply:
  6. Lymphatic drainage
  7. Innervation:
  8. Physiology/ Function of Larynx: A P P C
  9. Method of Examination:
  10. Malformation of the Larynx (6)
  11. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES: (8)
  12. Diphtheria Croup
  13. Acute Subglottic Laryngitis: “acute laryngotracheobronchitis” Most common cause of stridor
  14. Acute Epiglottitis rare but serious infection
  15. Acute laryngitis
  16. Angioneurotic Laryngeal Edema
  17. Chronic Nonspecific Laryngitis
  18. Reinke's Edema
  19. Tuberculous Laryngitis
  20. Clinical anatomy of the larynx. Physiology of the larynx.
  21. I. Clinical Anatomy of the Larynx
  22. II. Physiology of the Larynx
  23. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx – subchordal laryngitis, epiglottitis.
  24. Inspiratory Dyspnea

Anatomy of Larynx

  • Upper expanded part of the lower respiratory tract, lies infront of C3-C6
  • Before puberty- size almost same, After puberty, Males bigger → Adam’s Apple (pitch voice)
  • A Musculoskeletal organ, made up of series of cartilages, thar are interconnected by ligament & fibrous membrane
  • Larynx is the narrowest part of the upper respiratory tract, making it particularly susceptible to obstruction

Cartilages:

  • Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid - unpaired
  • Arytenoid, Cuneiform– paired

Joints:

  • Cricothyroid
  • Cricoarytenoid

Membranes and ligaments:

  • Extrinsic ligaments act to attach components of larynx to external structures ex. hyoid & cricoid cartilage
  • Intrinsic ligaments are responsible for holding cartilages of larynx together as one functional unit internally

Extrinsic:

  • Thyrohyoid membrane (Median/Lateral THM)
  • Hyo-epiglottic ligament
  • Cricotracheal ligament
  • Median Cricothyroid ligament

Intrinsics:

  • Lateal Cricothyroid ligament (conus elasticus)
  • Vocal Ligament
  • Quadrangular membrane

Muscles:

  • Extrinsic: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle → Responsible for opening Laynx
  • Intrinsic: Lateral cricoarytenoid, Interarytenoid & Thyroarytenoid muscle → Responsible for closing Larynx
  • Cricothyroid & Vocalis muscle→ Responsible for tightening Larynx, vital role in breathing / phonation
  • Muscles closing the glottis predominate over ones that open it by ratio 3:1

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