Otorhinolaryngology · MU Plovdiv

16. Tumors of the Larynx. Vocal Cord Polyps. Vocal Cord Nodules. LaryngealPapilloma. Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Spindle Cell Carcinoma. Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.Surgical treatment options for laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngectomy Effects and Voice Rehabilitation. Tracheotomy and Cricothyrotomy

Inside: 16 sections · 9 labelled pictures · 3 tables · 61 flashcards · 25 min

Topic 16 of 18 in the MU Plovdiv syllabus for Otorhinolaryngology (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 16 sections, about 3,487 words (25 min of reading), with 61 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Tumors of the Larynx. Vocal Cord Polyps. Vocal Cord Nodules. Laryngeal Papilloma. Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Spindle Cell Carcinoma. Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Surgical treatment options for laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngectomy Effects and Voice Rehabilitation. Tracheotomy and Cricothyrotomy
  2. Tumors of the Larynx
  3. Surgical treatment options for Laryngeal Carcinoma:
  4. Vocal Cord Polyps (benign)
  5. Vocal nodules (benign)
  6. Laryngeal Papilloma (benign)- Most common benign LT in children
  7. Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (malignant)
  8. Spindle cell carcinoma - sarcomatoid carcinoma
  9. Neuroendocrine carcinoma
  10. Tracheotomy vs Cricothyrotomy
  11. Benign tumors of the larynx and vocal cords. Papillomatosis of the larynx. Phonosurgery.
  12. Benign tumours of the larynx and vocal cords.
  13. Papillomatosis of the larynx – (RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS)
  14. Laryngeal cancer.
  15. Surgical treatment of head and neck carcinomas.
  16. Tracheostomy.

Tumors of the Larynx

  • The major symptom is Persistent hoarseness.
  • If over 2 wks → investigated by laryngoscopy specially in high risk patients ex. smokers.

Etiology: Tobacco, Alcohol

  • Benign neoplasms of the larynx: neoplasms in both children and adults, includes vocal polyps, cysts, laryngeal papilloma.
  • Malignant tumour: include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and sarcoma.

2 TYPES:

Surgical treatment options for Laryngeal Carcinoma:

Treatment: RT, RT+CT, Laser Endoscopic or Open surgery

  • Total Laryngectomy: Increases mucous production
  • Voice rehabilitation by: Esophageal speech (pseudo glottis), Electrolarynx or tracheoesophageal puncture & voice prosthesis

Vocal Cord Polyps (benign)

  • Usually affects adults in speaking professions, Males

Etiology: Phonotrauma: is mechanical alteration of the vocal cords caused by vocal overuse Chronic inflammation

Diagnosis:

  • Histology: polypoidal mucosal hyperplasia w/ inflammation
  • Telescopic laryngoscopy = grey/red mass on vocal cord
  • Unilateral anterior 2/3rd of the vocal cord

Clinical picture: hoarsenss & diplophonia (due to floating polyps)

Treatment: microsurgical removal → voice therapy

Vocal nodules (benign)

  • More commonly affect children (screamer’s nodules)
  • Also occur in speaking professions + singers (Singer’s nodule)

Diagnosis:

  • Bilateral nodules at opposing sites
  • Histology: fibrosis with epithelial thickening
  • Bilateral anterior 1/3rd of the vocal cords

Clinical picture: hoarsenss & diplophonia, throat clearing and FB sensation.

Treatment: Voice therapy & surgery ONLY in patients with very large nodules

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