Describe the macroscopic type and microscopic structure of clear cell carcinoma of the kidney? (Essay 71)
Adenocarcinoma (RCC) Arises from tubular epithelium, 70-80 % of all renal cancers. Occurs in ages of 50-70 yo (Males 2:1)
Macroscopic types
- Clear cell (70%) -
- Papillary (15%)
- Granular cell (8%)
- Chromophobe (5%)
- Sacromatoid (1.5%)
- Collecting duct (0.5%)
CCC Macroscopically
- Mostly arises from upper pole of kidneys as Solitary & unilateral tumor
- Large Solid Yellow Circumscribed
- Cut section→ large areas of ischemic necrosis, cystic change & foci of haemorrhages
- Tumor thrombus in renal vein extending into vena cava
CCC Microscopically
- Lesions present clear cells because of their lipid- and glycogen-rich cytoplasmic content
Urothelial carcinoma histo and morpho
Urothelial (transition cell) bladder tumours (TCC): Etiology: urothelium (transitional epithelium of bladder)
Clinical features: mostly papillary and non ulcerating Gross: 90% papillary, 10% flat. Papillary are free floating, fern like while flat are bulkier with ulcerated surface. Commonly found in lateral walls, trigone and ureteral orifices.
Microscopically:
- Origin: mucosa of urinary bladder
- Composed: branched papillae, covered in multilayered epithelium that is several x thickness of normal, often anastomoses, built of fibrovascular ‘core’.
- Umbrella cells: on surface
- Tumour progression: infiltration of bladder wall, short papillae, thickened and fused.