Medicine · Years 3 and 4 · MU Plovdiv

Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology

The full MU Plovdiv syllabus for Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, Medicine, Years 3 and 4: 163 topics, 130 topics with a free study note (7 hours of reading), and 2,264 flashcards. Updated 10 November 2026.

syllabus topics: 163
free notes: 130
flashcards: 2,264
of reading: 7 h

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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Plovdiv syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

General pathology (3rd-year exam) 63 topics

1. Subject, tasks and methods of pathology.1. General and Special Pathology objectives. Basic terminology, purpose, tasks, methods.2 min · 15 cards
2. Health and disease. Main categories in pathology (etiology, pathogenesis, Morphogenesis, sanogenesis, tanatogenesis).Being written
3. Death: Clinical and biological. Signs of biological death.Being written
4. Cell injury.Definition. Categories of cellular injury. Causal factors. Pathogenetic and morphogenetic mechanisms.2. Cellular injury; common causes and mechanisms.2 min · 12 cards
5. Cellular injury. Types of degeneration. Acute reversible cellular damage (cellular swelling). Hydropic degeneration.3. Reversible cell injury due to compromised ionic transfer (cellular swelling): granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, hydropic change.2 min · 14 cards
6. Abnormal accumulation of substances in the cell. Mechanisms. Accumulation of protein (hyaline-drop degeneration, Lewy and Mallory bodies; Russel bodies) and carbohydrates. Methods of proof.Being written
7. Disorders of the metabolism of lipids. Types of adipose degeneration. Accumulation of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Methods of proof. Total obesity. Lipomatosis. Cachexia.4. Lipid accumulations in parenchymal and stromal cells. Lipid phagocytosis.2 min · 9 cards
8. Lysosomal diseases (tesaurismoses) - features. Lipidoses (Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sacks, disease, Hand-Schuller-Christian) and glycogenoses.5. Complex lipid accumulations: lipidoses.1 min · 11 cards
9. Disturbances in the metabolism of the pigments. Classification. Accumulation of exogenous pigments.9. Exogenous pigments – types, organ sites.1 min · 13 cards
10. Accumulations of iron -containing pigments (hemoglobinogenic).7. Hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations. Hemosiderosis. Types of jaundice.3 min · 16 cards
11. Accumulation of iron-free hemoglobinogenic pigments. Jaundice.7. Hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations. Hemosiderosis. Types of jaundice.3 min · 16 cards
12. Disturbances in the metabolism and accumulation of proteinogenic (tyrosine, tryptophan) and lipidogenic native pigments.8. Non-hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations: melanin, lipofuscin.2 min · 13 cards
13. Abnormal accumulation of substances in the extracellular matrix Mucoid edema. Fibrinoid. Hialinosis - types. Accumulation of fibrillary substances in the interstitium: scarring, fibrosis (sclerosis) and cirrhosis.10. Extracellular accumulations: hyalinosis; fibrinoid swelling. · 13. Metabolic and structural abnormalities of collagen, elastin and proteoglycans. Mucopolysaccharidoses.8 min · 30 cards
14. Amyloidosis. Common physical and chemical characteristics. Classification. Types according to their composition. Methods of proof.11. Extracellular accumulations: amyloidosis. Types of amyloidosis, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross organ pathomorphology. Histochemical staining methods.3 min · 15 cards
15. Types of amyloidosis depending on cause and spread of the process. Organ deposits. Diagnosis.11. Extracellular accumulations: amyloidosis. Types of amyloidosis, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross organ pathomorphology. Histochemical staining methods.3 min · 15 cards
16. Disturbances in the metabolism of calcium and copper. Abnormal accumulation of salts of the uric acid.12. Extracellular accumulations of calcium and uric acid salts.1 min · 11 cards
17. Cell death. Necrobiosis. Necrosis: definition, types (coagulation and kaseous; liquefactive), nuclear and cytoplasmic morphological changes.14. Irreversible cell injury – cell death. Types of necrosis; microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Apoptosis.8 min · 15 cards
18. Clinical and anatomical forms of necrosis (infarction, gangrene, decubitus, sequesters, mutilation, steatonecrosis, fibrinoid necrosis, ‘noma’). Evolution and complications.15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 16. Clinico-anatomical types of necrosis: gangrene, decubitus, sequestration.4 min · 31 cards
19. Apoptosis. Definition, differences between apoptosis and necrosis. Role of apoptosis.Being written
20. Hemodynamic disorders: an overview, local and general hemodynamic disorders. Changes in the amount of blood. Arterial hyperemia.18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 min · 16 cards
21. Venous plethora (congestion). Acute and chronic left heart failure - morphological changes.18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 min · 16 cards
22. Venous plethora. Acute and chronic right heart failure - morphological changes. Local venous plethora.18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 min · 16 cards
23. Ischemia: definition, types, complications.Being written
24. Bleeding and bleedingdisorders. Plasmoraghia. Terminology, mechanisms, outcome.17. Hemorrhages – types, pathogenesis; denomination according to organ site.2 min · 15 cards
25. Rheological disorders: prestasis, stasis, ‘sludge’ -phenomenon.Being written
26. Thrombosis. Order and Morphogenesis. Structure of thrombi. Difference between the thrombus and post-mortem blood clot.20. Thrombosis. Pathogenesis, thrombus morphology, types. Outcome of thrombosis.2 min · 15 cards
27. Thrombosis. Types of blood clots, complications and evolution. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC syndrome).19. Systemic hemodynamic disorders – peripheral tissue hypoperfusion (shock). DIC syndrome. · 20. Thrombosis. Pathogenesis, thrombus morphology, types. Outcome of thrombosis.7 min · 31 cards
28. Embolism. Definition. Types of embolism by the way of their distribution: venous and arterial, orthograde, retrograde and paradoxical embolism.21. Embolism – arterial and venous; types, sites of origin, target organs.4 min · 16 cards
29. Pulmonary thromboembolism: cause, proof, complications and outcomes.Being written
30. Types of embolism, according to the substrate: air, gas, fat, amnial, bacterial, parasitic, tumor cell. Comparison between embolism and metastasis.21. Embolism – arterial and venous; types, sites of origin, target organs.4 min · 16 cards
31. Infarction. Definition. Types. Morphological characteristics of anemic infarction.15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 16 cards
32. Infarction. Definition. Types. Morphogenesis of hemorrhagic infarctions. Types of hemorrhagic infarctions.15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 16 cards
33. Shock. Definition, pathogenetic types and organ morphological changes.19. Systemic hemodynamic disorders – peripheral tissue hypoperfusion (shock). DIC syndrome.5 min · 16 cards
34. Disorders of lymph circulation: terminology and complications. Quantitative changes of tissue fluid. Oedema: definition, types. Pulmonary and cerebral edema. Dehydration.22. Edema – types, pathogenesis and pathomorphology according to organ site.2 min · 15 cards
35. Inflammation. Definition. Terminology. Main features. Etiologic factors.23. Inflammation. Definition, etiology, pathogenesis, types.1 min · 14 cards
36. Inflammation. Phases of inflammatory reaction. Pathogenesis and morphogenesis of inflammation. Plasma and cellular mediators.23. Inflammation. Definition, etiology, pathogenesis, types. · 24. Inflammation. Inflammatory mediators.6 min · 28 cards
37. Morphogenesis of acute ( exudative ) inflammation.Hemodynamic changes in microcirculation. Leukocyte migration and phagocytosis.25. Acute inflammation. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation, types of inflammatory cells, tissue alterations.2 min · 14 cards
38. Cell types in the outbreak of acute and chronic inflammation.Being written
39. Exudative inflammation. Morphology, complications and outcomes.25. Acute inflammation. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation, types of inflammatory cells, tissue alterations.2 min · 14 cards
40. Productive inflammation: forms and morphological characteristics of diffuse productive inflammation.26. Chronic inflammation. Etiology, types, morphology.1 min · 13 cards
41. Nonspecific and specific productive – ‘granulomatous’ inflammation. Morphology of foreign body granuloma, tubercle, luetic ‘gumma’, granulomas in leprosy and sarcoidosis, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, rhinoscleroma.26. Chronic inflammation. Etiology, types, morphology. · 27. Specific inflammation in rheumatism, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis. Histological characteristics of granulomas.4 min · 28 cards
42. Pathology of immunity. Hypersensitivity reactions. Anaphylactic cytotoxic type immune reactions (first and second type reactions).29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 min · 14 cards
43. Pathology of immunity. Hypersensitivity reactions. Immune complexes reactions. Delayed type hypersensitivity (third and fourth type reactions).29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 min · 14 cards
44. Pathology of immunity - types. Autoimmune diseases. Congenital syndromes and acquired immune deficiency.29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 min · 14 cards
45. Adaptivey processes: hypertrophy and hyperplasia, atrophy - definition, types, morphological characteristics.33. Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 34. Adaptations: atrophy. Types of atrophy. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 28 cards
46. Metaplasia - definition, types, morphological characteristics, complications.33. Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 min · 14 cards
47. Regeneration. Restitution and substitution. Factors affecting recovery processes. Wound healing. Regeneration of bone tissue.31. Regeneration and repair: types of physiologic renewal and posttraumatic repair in different cells and organs. · 32. Regeneration and repair: wound and bone healing. Stages of the reparative process.4 min · 27 cards
48. Tumors: definition, incidence and prevalence. Biology of tumor growth ( irreversibility, relative autonomy, tumor impact on the whole body).35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature. · 36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.6 min · 30 cards
49. Tumors: Terminology. Classification. Tumor structure.35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature.2 min · 15 cards
50. Etiology of tumors. Chemical, physical, genetic and viral carcinogenesis. Role of growth factors.35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature.2 min · 15 cards
51. Morphogenesis of tumors. Monocentric and multicentric theories for their emergence. Proliferating and non-proliferating tumor fractions. Biological basis of invasion of malignant tumors. Metastasis.36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 min · 15 cards
52. Morphological characteristics of tumors. Differences between benign and malignant tumors. Tissue and cellular atypia.36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 min · 15 cards
53. Precancerous. Dysplasia. Carcinoma in situ.36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 min · 15 cards
54. Metastasis of tumors.Being written
55. Degree of differentiation and staging in the development of tumors. TNM -system.Being written
56. Structure and shape of tumors - macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Role of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of tumors.Being written
57. Benign tumors of epithelial origin.Being written
58. Malignant tumors of epithelial origin.Being written
59. Benign soft tissue tumors.37. Connective tissue benign & malignant neoplasms. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 min · 12 cards
60. Malignant soft tissue tumors.37. Connective tissue benign & malignant neoplasms. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 min · 12 cards
61. Tumors of the central nervous system - general features, classification, basic representatives.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 min · 16 cards
62. Tumors of the nerve sheath. Tumors of the meninges.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 min · 16 cards
63. Tumors and tumor -like entities of melanocytes. Teratomas.41. Benign & malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 42. Teratogenous neoplasms – teratomas and teratocarcinomas. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 28 cards

Clinical pathology (4th-year exam) 100 topics

1. Atherosclerosis. Risk factors. Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis.47. Atherosclerosis. Etiology, pathogenesis and general characteristics of atherosclerotic vessel alterations.1 min · 16 cards
2. Atherosclerosis. Stages. Organ damage.48. Atherosclerosis. Types of atherosclerotic microscopic & gross pathomorphological changes. Organ site damage in atherosclerosis. Complications.2 min · 12 cards
3. Hypertension: types, etiology and pathogenesis.51. Systemic arterial hypertension: vascular and organ-specific pathomorphological changes.2 min · 14 cards
4. Morphogenesis of vascular lesions in benign and malignant hypertension, organ damage.51. Systemic arterial hypertension: vascular and organ-specific pathomorphological changes.2 min · 14 cards
5. Pulmonary hypertension - primary and secondary. Acute and chronic pulmonary heart.52. Pulmonary hypertension. Etiology, types. Cor pulmonale. Right ventricle and pulmonary vessel microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 14 cards
6. Ischemic heart disease. Morphogenesis, classification, forms of angina. Sudden cardiac death.50. Chronic ischemic heart disease: pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology; systemic and organ-specific manifestations.1 min · 8 cards
7. Myocardial infarction. Risk factors. Species. Evolution and complications.49. Ischemic heart disease: myocardial infarction. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Stages, complications, outcomes.3 min · 13 cards
8. Systemic connective tissue disease - a common feature. Rheumatism: definition, etiology and pathogenesis, major events.Being written
9. Rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic endocarditis, morphological stagies. Rheumatic myocarditis and pericarditis.Being written
10. Rheumatic valvular defects: morphological characteristics, hemodynamic disorders and organ complications.54. Valvular heart disease: classification, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.9 min · 16 cards
11. Infective endocarditis - acute and subacute: etiology, pathogenesis, morphology and complications.53. Endocarditis: classification, etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology. Infective endocarditis – acute and subacute forms.2 min · 16 cards
12. Non-infectious endocarditis: Libman-Sachs endocarditis, mitral valve prolapse, degenerative calcification of aortic valve endocarditis, marantic type. Cardiomyopathy: dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive.53. Endocarditis: classification, etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology. Infective endocarditis – acute and subacute forms.2 min · 16 cards
13. Myocarditis - infectious and noninfectious.55. Myocarditis: classification, pathomorphology.2 min · 15 cards
14. Diseases of the pericardium: pericarditis and pericardial effusion.56. Pericarditis: etiology. Pathomorphological types.2 min · 15 cards
15. Congenital heart defects: septal defects and inter - ventricular septa, persistent ductus Botali, coarctation of the aorta Congenital transposition of the trunk vessels.45. Embryopathies. Cardiovascular system malformations.2 min · 12 cards
16. Systemic lupus erythematodes: definition, etiology and pathogenesis, morphological amendments.59. Systemic connective tissue diseases. Lupus erythematosus. Polyarteritis nodosa.3 min · 15 cards
17. Rheumatoid arthritis: definition, pathogenesis, Morphogenesis of articular lesions skin and vascular changes, clinical course.60. Systemic connective tissue diseases – rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).3 min · 13 cards
18. Systemic sclerosis. Dermatomyositis. Polymyositis. Sjogren syndrome.60. Systemic connective tissue diseases – rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).3 min · 13 cards
19. Vasculitis. Temporal arteritis. Arteritis Takayasu. Polyarteritis nodosa.58. Vasculitis: classification, pathomorphology. Types of aneurysms. · 59. Systemic connective tissue diseases. Lupus erythematosus. Polyarteritis nodosa.6 min · 28 cards
20. Local vasculitis: infectious arteritis, Raynaud (trombangiitis obliterans) syndrome..58. Vasculitis: classification, pathomorphology. Types of aneurysms.3 min · 13 cards
21. Aneurysms. Dissection of the aorta. Varices, phlebotrombosis and thrombophlebitis.Being written
22. Inflammatory diseases and tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Tumors of larynx.Being written
23. Inflammatory diseases of the trachea and bronchi: acute tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Chronic bronchitis. Bronchiectasis.61. Bronchitis – acute and chronic. Bronchiolitis. Pathomorphology.4 min · 15 cards
24. Pneumonia: definition and overview. Lobar pneumonia: definition etiology, Morphogenesis, morphological stages, complications and outcomes.63. Lobar (croupous) pneumonia. Stages of development. Complications.2 min · 14 cards
25. Focal pneumonia: definition, etiology, pathogenesis, morphological features. Interstitial, and chronic viral pneumonia.64. Lobular pneumonia. Etiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology. · 65. Interstitial and viral pneumonia. Etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 24 cards
26. Abscess and gangrene of the lung. Atelectasis.Being written
27. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary emphysema: a definition Classification, complications.67. Pulmonary emphysema: classification, etiology, pathogenesis. Chronic obstructive diffuse emphysema. · 68. Pulmonary emphysema: acute, compensatory, focal, interstitial and senile emphysema. · 69. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinico-pathological forms. Pathomorphological changes in the lungs and heart.4 min · 37 cards
28. Bronchial asthma. Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis.71. Hypersensitive pulmonary diseases. Bronchial asthma. Eosinophilic pneumonia. Allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).3 min · 16 cards
29. Pneumoconiosis - an overview. Silicosis: forms and complications.72. Pneumoconioses. Etiology, pathogenesis, types, pathomorphological forms, complications.2 min · 16 cards
30. Lung cancer: incidence and prevalence, etiology, Morphogenesis, morphology. Metastasis. Complications.73. Primary tumors of the lung and pleura – benign & malignant. Histological and macroscopic forms.4 min · 16 cards
31. Pleurisy and tumors of the pleura.Being written
32. Inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Stomatitis, glossitis and angina: Complications of streptococcal infections.Being written
33. Diseases of teeth and soft tissue apparatus: caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, radicular cyst, periodontal disease.Being written
34. Tumors of the jaw bone and tumor-like processes of the soft tissues of oral cavity. Epulis.Being written
35. Sialoadenitis and tumors of salivary glands.Being written
36. Diseases of the esophagus: -hiatus hernia, diverticula, esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus.74. Diseases of esophagus: esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, diverticulae, hiatal hernia. Esophageal tumors – benign & malignant.4 min · 15 cards
37. Tumors of the esophagus.Being written
38. Acute and chronic gastritis. Etiology, Morphogenesis, clinical and morphological forms complications.75. Acute and chronic gastritis – etiology, pathogenesis, types; microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 15 cards
39. Acute and chronic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Definition etiology, pathogenesis and Morphogenesis. Morphological picture.76. Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer – etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology, complications.2 min · 14 cards
40. Chronic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Complications.76. Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer – etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology, complications.2 min · 14 cards
41. Benign tumors of the stomach–epithelial and mesenchymal. Early cancer stomach–morphology.77. Benign gastric tumors – of epithelial and mesenchyme origin. Stromal tumors – GIST.3 min · 16 cards
42. Malignant tumors of the stomach. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification,morphological characteristics, metastasis.78. Gastric carcinoma: etiology and pathogenesis. Precancer. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Clinico-morphological methods of early diagnostics.2 min · 16 cards
43. Inflammatory bowel disease: acute and chronic enteritis. Acute and chronic non-specific colitis. Ulcerative colitis. Crohn’s disease.79. Chronic enterocolitis – types. Ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, Whipple disease. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
44. Benign and malignant tumors of the colon.84. Benign tumors and carcinoma of the colon. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Role of fibrocolonoscopy in early diagnostics.3 min · 13 cards
45. Bowel obstruction. Peritonitis.80. Intestinal obstruction (ileus) – types. Mesenteric thrombosis. Complications. · 81. Peritonitis – etiology, pathomorphologic forms according to the types of inflammation.2 min · 26 cards
46. Acute appendicitis - morphology and complications. Tumors of the appendix.83. Appendicitis – types according to etiology, pathogenesis and forms of inflammation. Tumors of the appendix – epithelial, neuroendocrine.1 min · 13 cards
47. Acute viral hepatitis: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological and biological features of hepatitis A, B and C.86. Acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Basic morphologic classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
48. Chronic hepatitis: etiology, classification, clinical and morphological forms of evolution.86. Acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Basic morphologic classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
49. Toxic hepatitis. Acute toxic degeneration of the liver.Being written
50. Liver cirrhosis: definition, etiology, classification. Morphogenesis.87. Liver cirrhosis – definition, classification, progression. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 14 cards
51. Liver cirrhosis: basic morphological types. Complications.87. Liver cirrhosis – definition, classification, progression. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 88. Portal hypertension – pathogenesis, vascular and organ-specific manifestations, complications.3 min · 28 cards
52. Cholecystitis: etiology, types, morphological characteristics, complications. Cholelithiasis.90. Acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis. Liver abscess. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 91. Cholelithiasis. Types of stones. Complications. Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.4 min · 30 cards
53. Tumors of the liver, bile duct and gallbladder.89. Primal hepatic carcinoma – hepatocellular/cholangiocellular. Etiology & pathogenesis. Secondary (metastatic) liver tumors. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology; differential diagnosis. · 91. Cholelithiasis. Types of stones. Complications. Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.3 min · 28 cards
54. Inflammatory diseases and tumors of the exocrine pancreas.92. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis, hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 93. Tumors of exocrine and endocrine pancreas.6 min · 31 cards
55. Anemia: definition, etiology, classification. Acute and chronic posthemorrhagic anemia.Being written
56. Pernicious, foil acid, and iron deficiency anemia. Aplastic anemia. Idiopatic thrombocytopenia.99. Primal diseases of bone marrow – hemolytic and iron deficiency anemias. Etiology, pathogenesis & pathomorphologic characteristics of target organs. · 100. Primal diseases of bone marrow – megaloblastic and pernicious anemias. Etiology, pathogenesis & pathomorphologic characteristics of target organs.5 min · 26 cards
57. Myelogenous malignancies. Acute myelogenous leukosis (leukemia). Chronic myelogenous leukosis.101. Acute and chronic leukemia. Pathomorphology of target organs: bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes.3 min · 14 cards
58. Hyperplastic and inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes: chronic nonspecific and granulomatous lymphadenitis.103. Lymphadenitis. Types of lymphadenitis according to histological characteristics.1 min · 14 cards
59. Malignancy of lymphoid tissue. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (small lymphocytic lymphoma).101. Acute and chronic leukemia. Pathomorphology of target organs: bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes. · 102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.5 min · 29 cards
60. Myeloma disease. Solitary myeloma (plasmacytoma).Being written
61. General characteristics and classification approach for Non - Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas.102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.2 min · 15 cards
62. Hodgkin’s disease: etiology and pathogenesis, classification, prognosis.102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.2 min · 15 cards
63. Primary glomerulopathy (glomerulonephritis). Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis. Diagnostic approach.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
64. Glomerulonephritis occurring with nephritic syndrome: diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Rapidly progressive (‘crescentic’) glomerulonephritis. Goodpasture pulmonary-renal syndrome.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
65. Glomerulonephritis occurring with nephrotic syndrome: minimal disease changes, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
66. Glomerulonephritis occurring with nephrotic syndrome: IgA -nephropathy and Membranous nephropathy. Diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 min · 16 cards
67. Acute and chronic pyelonephritis: etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, complications.95. Inflammatory tubulointerstitial renal diseases – acute and chronic pyelonephritis.3 min · 15 cards
68. Acute renal failure. Ischemic and nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis.96. Nephrocirrhosis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Renal failure.3 min · 14 cards
69. Nephrolithiasis. Etiology. Types of concretion. Complications. Polycystic kidney.97. Urolithiasis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Types of stones. Clinico-morphological characteristics. Complications.1 min · 16 cards
70. Nephrosclerosis: classification approach macroscopic characteristic. Morphology chronic renal failure.96. Nephrocirrhosis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Renal failure.3 min · 14 cards
71. Tumors of the kidney and bladder.Being written
72. Diseases of the cervix. Precancerous conditions (CPC). Carcinoma in situ. Microinvasive, invasive squamous and adeno-carcinoma. Morphological diagnosis. Prognosis.107. Precancer of the uterine cervix. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Importance of early diagnostic methods – cytology, histology. · 108. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Etiology, pathogenesis, types, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.3 min · 24 cards
73. Chronic endometritis, endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, etiology, morphology.Being written
74. Benign and malignant tumors of the uterine body.106. Uterine body carcinoma. Etiology & pathogenesis. Precancer. Histological classification.1 min · 16 cards
75. Ovarian tumors: classification, key representatives biological characteristics. Metastatic ovarian tumors.109. Ovarian epithelial tumors – benign & malignant. Germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors. Classification.2 min · 15 cards
76. Abortion and ectopic pregnancy: cause, morphology, complications.Being written
77. Molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma. Postnatal sepsis.Being written
78. Inflammatory and fibrotic cystic changes of the breast.110. Fibrocystic breast disease. Benign tumors: epithelial and mixed.2 min · 15 cards
79. Benign and malignant breast tumors: morphology and staging.110. Fibrocystic breast disease. Benign tumors: epithelial and mixed. · 111. Breast carcinoma. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinico-morphological types and histological variants.4 min · 31 cards
80. Tumors of the testis and epididymis.105. Inflammatory diseases of the testis. Testicular tumors - types according to histological classification and origin.2 min · 15 cards
81. Hyperplasia and tumors of the prostate gland. Complications.104. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic carcinoma.2 min · 14 cards
82. Tumors of the anterior pituitary. Hyperpituitarism: Acromegaly. Gigantism. Cushing disease. Hypopituitarism: dwarfism. Sheehan syndrome Adiposo-genital dystrophy. Diabetes insipidus. Craniopharingeoma.114. Pituitary gland diseases: acromegaly, hypercortisolism (Iscenco Cushing syndrome), hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ-site pathomorphology.3 min · 16 cards
83. Hyperplastic thyroid disease. Hyper -and hypothyroidism.115. Thyroid epithelial hyperplasia. Hypothyroidism. Myxedema. · 116. Hyperthyroidism. Graves-Basedow's disease (toxic diffuse goiter).4 min · 30 cards
84. Hashimoto: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics.117. Thyroiditis – types, pathomorphology.2 min · 15 cards
85. Tumors of the thyroid gland.118. Neoplasms of the thyroid: classification, pathomorphology.2 min · 15 cards
86. Diseases of parathyroid glands. Hyper -and hypoparathyroidism.119. Hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ-site alterations. Tumors of parathyroid glands.2 min · 15 cards
87. Diseases of the adrenal gland: chronic and acute adrenal failure. Adrenal tumors.122. Acute and chronic suprarenal insufficiency. Etiology, pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlations. · 123. Suprarenal gland tumors – primal and secondary.4 min · 28 cards
88. Diabetes mellitus. Tumors of the endocrine pancreas.120. Diabetes mellitus. Etiology & pathogenesis. Pathomorphology of organ-site alterations. Complications. · 121. Endocrine pancreas neoplasia. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.4 min · 27 cards
89. Serous viral meningitis. Viral polioentcephalitis. Demyelinating encephalomyelitis and neuropathy.124. Inflammatory diseases of Central nervous system. Meningitis, encephalitis – types according to etiology and pathomorphology. · 126. Demyelinating diseases of Central nervous system.5 min · 32 cards
90. Bacterial meningitis and meningoencephalitis: epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, purulent non-meningococcal leptomeningitis, tuberculous meningitis and menigoencephalitis.124. Inflammatory diseases of Central nervous system. Meningitis, encephalitis – types according to etiology and pathomorphology.3 min · 16 cards
91. Astroglial tumors – types. Glioblastoma multiforme. Morphological and biological characteristic.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 min · 16 cards
92. Tumors of ependimal glia and plexus chorioideus. Medulloblastoma. Morphological and biological characteristic.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 min · 16 cards
93. Tumors of the meninges and shwan cells. Types. Morphological and biological characteristic.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 min · 16 cards
94. Hydrocephaly: definition, etiology, pathogenesis, classification.Being written
95. Tuberculosis: general characteristics and classification. Primary tuberculosis.135. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Primary TB complex morphology. Complications. Progressive hematogenous tuberculosis – generalized or pulmonary.3 min · 14 cards
96. Hematogenic tuberculosis. Secondary tuberculosis. Types. Complications.136. Secondary pulmonary tuberculosis – classification, organ site damage. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 min · 14 cards
97. Acquired syphilis: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis. Primary, secondary and tertiary lues. Neurolues. Congenital syphilis.137. Acquired and congenital syphilis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Stages of development. Primary syphilitic lesion. Organ site damage. · 138. Tertiary syphilis. Pathomorphology of syphilitic specific inflammation (gumma). Visceral changes. Neurosyphilis.4 min · 25 cards
98. Sepsis.134. Sepsis. Septicemia. Septicopyemia. Chroniosepsis. Organ damage characteristics.3 min · 16 cards
99. AIDS.133. AIDS – etiology, pathogenesis, organ site damage, pathomorphological features. Complications.3 min · 14 cards
100. Principles of construction and comparison of clinical and pathological diagnosis: diagnostic categories.Being written

Other Year 3 subjects

Clinical Laboratory2 notes
Hygiene and Ecology76 notes
Microbiology49 notes
Occupational Diseases and Toxicology13 notes
Pathophysiology24 notes
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology57 notes
Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases96 notes
Roentgenology and Radiology14 notes

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