Vitamins
Vitamins are essential organic compounds required in small amounts for various physiological functions. They play a crucial role in metabolism, growth, development, and maintaining overall health.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
- B Vitamins:
- Thiamine (B1)
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Niacin (B3)
- Pantothenic acid (B5)
- Pyridoxine (B6)
- Biotin (B7)
- Folate (B9)
- Cobalamin (B12)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Stored in fat tissues and liver:
- Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Vitamin D (Calciferol)
- Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
- Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
Pharmacodynamics
- B Vitamins: Function as cofactors in enzymes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and DNA metabolism.
- Vitamin C: Acts as an antioxidant, supports collagen synthesis, immune function, and enhances iron absorption.
- Vitamin A: A precursor to retinal for vision; also regulates gene expression, supporting skin and immune health.
- Vitamin D: Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism; essential for bone health and immune support.
- Vitamin E: An antioxidant protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage.
- Vitamin K: Required for blood clotting by acting as a cofactor in the carboxylation of clotting factors.