Anatomy · MU Sofia

CNS · 152. Encephalon (Brain) - overview and development.

Covers the brain as part of the central nervous system, starting with its development from the neural tube and the primary and secondary vesicles that give rise to adult structures, shown in a table. It then describes the three brain flexures and their positions, followed by the structure of the cerebrum with its lobes and their functions, and the brainstem parts including the midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla and diencephalon.

Inside: 4 sections · 4 labelled pictures · 1 table · 10 flashcards · 3 min

Topic 139 of 264 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 4 sections, about 408 words (3 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. BRAIN (ENCEPHALON)
  2. Development:
  3. Brain flexures (curves):
  4. Structure:

BRAIN (ENCEPHALON)

  • The brain is a component of the central nervous system.

Development:

  • It develops from the neural tube which formed from the ectoderm layer.

→ Vasculation process:

There are 3 primary brain vesicles develop from the cranial part of the neural tube → Develop → Give 5 secondary brain vesicles → Develop → Adult derivatives.

Brain flexures (curves):

  • There are 3 brain flexures:
  • 2 concave (develop earlier)
  • + 1 Convex (" later between the other 2 flexures)
  1. 1. Cephalic (concave) - between the forebrain & midbrain.
  2. 2. Cervical - (Concave) - At the junction between hindbrain and spinal cord.
  3. 3. Pontine - (convex) - At the region of the future pons.

Structure:

Divided into left and right hemispheres.

  • The telencephalon (cerebrum) becomes the large cerebral hemispheres. The surface of these hemispheres consists of elevations (gyri) and depressions (sulci), and the hemispheres are partially separated by a deep longitudinal fissure. The cerebrum fills the area of the cranial cavity above the tentorium cerebelli and is subdivided into lobes based on position.
  • Frontal Lobe: Involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgment, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior.
  • Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information, including touch, temperature, and pain.
  • Temporal Lobe: Responsible for processing auditory information and is also involved in the processing of semantics in both speech and vision.
  • Occipital Lobe: Main center for visual processing.

= Brain Stem

  • The mesencephalon (midbrain), which is the first part of the brainstem seen when an intact adult brain is examined, spans the junction between the middle and posterior cranial fossae.
  • The metencephalon, which gives rise to the cerebellum (consisting of two lateral hemispheres and a midline part in the posterior cranial fossa below the tentorium cerebelli) and the pons (anterior to the cerebellum, and is a bulging part of the brainstem in the most anterior part of the posterior cranial fossa against the clivus and dorsum sellae). only this name
  • The myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) + bulbus (3rd name), the caudalmost part of the brainstem, ends at the foramen magnum or the uppermost rootlets of the first cervical nerve and to which cranial nerves VI to XII are attached.

in between (interbrain)

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