Anatomy · MU Sofia

Topographic · 229+230. Fronto-parieto-occipital region. Base of the Skull

Covers the scalp layers over the fronto-parieto-occipital region, including its landmarks, clinical relevance such as trauma, surgical access and hair transplantation, and the three flat skull bones beneath. It then moves to the internal base of the skull, listing the anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae with their boundaries, and the foramina and canals in each fossa with the structures passing through them. Clinical points on fractures and the skull base as a stable platform close the note.

Inside: 6 sections · 3 labelled pictures · 15 flashcards · 4 min

Topic 208 of 264 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 6 sections, about 534 words (4 min of reading), with 15 flashcards.

In this note

  1. FRONTO-PARIETO - OCCIPITAL REGION
  2. Location
  3. Surface features:
  4. Clinical Significance:
  5. Layers
  6. BASE OF THE SKULL

Location

Covers the upper part of the head, above the lines run along the superior margin of the orbit, the superior temporal line, the superior nuchal line.

Surface features:

Includes notable bumps & landmarks such as the the frontal & parietal tubers at the front & top, and the external occipital protuberance at the back.

Clinical Significance:

  1. 1. This region is sensitive to trauma & injuries.
  2. 2. Surgical access to the brain.
  3. 3. The rich blood supply of this region can lead to vascular tumors.
  4. 4. Cosmetic Procedures such as hair transplantation.

Layers

  1. 1. Skin : thick, hairly towards the back
  • Contains oil-producing glands.
  1. 2. Fatty tissues.
  2. 3. Muscles : epicranius m. (frontal belly + Parietal belly)
  3. 4. Loose Connective tissue contains many blood vessels
  4. 5. Bones : 3 flat bones.
  • Covered by periosteum.
  • Covered from inside by the dura matter.

BASE OF THE SKULL

→ Refers to the internal surface of the cranial base.

Subdivisons & Borders

Subdivisions

  1. 1 Anterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii anterior)
  2. 2 Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  3. 3 Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)

Boundaries

  1. 4 Ventral border of the anterior cranial fossa – the squamous part of the frontal bone
  2. 5 Border between the anterior and middle cranial fossa – the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, anterior clinoid processes and jugum sphenoidale
  3. 6 Border between the middle and posterior cranial fossa – the superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the dorsum sellae
  4. 7 Dorsal border of the posterior cranial fossa – the squamous part of the occipital bone

Passages & Contants

  1. 1 Anterior cranial fossa – contains the frontal lobes of the telencephalon
  2. 1.1 Cribriform foramina – contain the olfactory nerves and anterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels, the anterior meningeal artery and vein
  3. 2 Middle cranial fossa – contains the temporal lobes of the telencephalon
  4. 2.1 Optic canal – contains the optic nerve with the central retinal artery and vein, ophthalmic artery and plexus
  5. 2.2 Superior orbital fissure – contains the oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic and abducent nerves and the superior ophthalmic vein
  6. 2.3 Foramen rotundum – contains the maxillary nerve
  7. 2.4 Foramen ovale – contains the mandibular nerve and venous plexus of foramen ovale
  8. 2.5 Internal aperture of carotid canal – contains the internal carotid artery
  9. 2.6 Foramen spinosum – contains the middle meningeal artery and vein and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve

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