Topographic · 255. Subcutaneous division of the pelvis. Ischioanal fossa
Covers the subcutaneous compartment of the pelvis: its rhombus shape, boundaries, and division into urogenital and anal triangles. It then goes through the layers of the perineal surface anatomy, including the transverse ligament, superficial and deep perineal spaces and muscles, and the perineal body. The ischioanal fossa is described with its boundaries, contents, and clinical notes on episiotomy, perianal inflammation and pudendal block.
Topic 232 of 264 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 4 sections, about 620 words (4 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.
In this note
SUBCUTANOUS PELVIS
Subcutaneus pelvic compartment.
Surface Anatomy:
The anal triangle:
Subcutaneus pelvic compartment.
↳ Includes the whole complex of soft tissues covering the pelvic outlet (Perineum).
Rhombod in shape
Boundaries:
Ant: the inf. margin of the symphysis
lat.: the inf. ramus of the pubic bone, the ramus of the ischeal bone. Sacrotubrecle lig.
Post: the apex of the coccygeal bone.
Divided into 2 triangle:
① Urogenital triangle
② Anal triangle
* The border btw. these triangles is the line btw. the ischeal tuberosities.
Surface Anatomy:
1. Skin - thin & haired
2. Superficial fascia: An extension of the sup. fascia of the antrolateral abdominal wall.
2.1 Camper's fascia
2.2 Colles fascia.
3. Superficial perineal muscles
4. Perineal body & membrane
5. Transverse ligament
6. Superficial perineal space.
7. Deep perineal space.
Transverse Ligament (Lig. Transversum Perinei):
The anterior margin of the membrana perinei thickens to form the transverse ligament.
This ligament spans the gap between the muscle and the pubic symphysis.
It allows for the passage of vessels:
In men: V. dorsalis profunda penis.
In women: V. dorsalis profunda clitoridis.
Superficial Perineal Space (Spatium Superficiale Perinei):
In men, this space contains:
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis.
Urethra.
Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perineal muscles.
Branches of the internal pudendal artery and vein.
Pudendal nerve branches.
In women, it accommodates the clitoris, urethra, and vagina.
Superficial Perineal Muscles:
Ischiocavernosus Muscle: Present in both men and women, it surrounds the base of the penis in males and the clitoris in females.
Bulbospongiosus Muscle: Also found in both genders, it envelops the bulb of the penis (in males) and the vestibular bulb (in females).
Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle: This muscle runs transversely across the superficial perineal space.
Perineal Body and Membrana Perinei:
The perineal body serves as a central anchoring point composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Deeper than the superficial muscles, the membrana perinei lines the outer aspect of the deep transverse perineal muscle.
In women, the deep transverse perineal muscle is replaced by smooth muscle tissue.
Deep Perineal Space (Spatium Profundum Perinei):
Bounded by the fascia pelvis parietalis and membrana perinei.
In men, it houses:
Bulbourethral glands.
Deep transverse perineal muscle.
External urethral sphincter muscle.
Pudendal artery and vein.
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