Defines isozymes as enzymes catalysing the same reaction but with different amino acid sequences, then covers their tissue-specific expression and kinetic variation. Uses lactate dehydrogenase, split into B and A subunits, as the worked example and explains how electrophoresis separates its isozymes by charge and size for clinical diagnosis. Also includes a table of serum enzymes with their tissue locations and disease changes, plus brief sections on non-functional plasma enzymes, enzymopathies such as gout and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and restriction endonucleases.
Topic 11 of 70 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Biochemistry (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 12 sections, about 702 words (5 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.
In this note
Importance of Enzymes for Clinical Practice
ENZYMES IN DIAGNOSTIC USE
Isozymes
Electrophoresis of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes
What are Non-Functional Plasma Enzymes?
Increase in Levels of Non-functional Plasma Enzymes
Changes in Functional Plasma Enzyme
Genetically Determined Enzymopathies
Enzymes in Therapy (Myocardial Infarction)
Restriction Endonucleases
MCQ
Answers
Importance of Enzymes for Clinical Practice
Catalysis: Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, accelerating the rate of chemical reactions crucial for metabolism.
Diagnostic Tools: Enzyme activity levels in blood or tissues can serve as diagnostic markers for various diseases and conditions.
Therapeutic Targets: Enzymes are targets for drug development, allowing modulation of specific metabolic pathways.
Monitoring Treatment Response: Changes in enzyme levels can indicate the effectiveness of treatments and disease progression.
Prognostic Indicators: Enzyme levels can provide prognostic information about disease severity and patient outcomes.
Isozymes
Definition: Isozymes are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different amino acid sequences and structures.
Tissue-specific Expression: Isozymes may be expressed in different tissues or organs, contributing to specialized functions.
Physiological Variants: Isozymes can have different kinetic properties, allowing adaptation to specific metabolic demands.
Clinical Significance: Variations in isozyme expression can be used diagnostically to identify tissue damage or dysfunction.
Isozymes
The enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase is made of two(B-form and A-Form) different sub units
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