Preclinical Paediatrics · MU Sofia

21. Histogenesis and histomorphology of the oral mucosa.

Covers the layers of the oral epithelium from the basal layer outwards, including the stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum and corneum, and how cells move and are shed. It then describes the three degrees of keratinisation (orthokeratinised, parakeratinised and non-keratinised), cell turnover times, and the non-keratinocyte cells such as melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. A table contrasts keratinised and non-keratinised mucosal sites, and the note ends with the lamina propria, submucosa and intercellular junctions.

Inside: 16 sections · 17 labelled pictures · 1 table · 14 flashcards · 12 min

Topic 21 of 40 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Preclinical Paediatrics (Dental Medicine, Year 3). The free AceMed note covers it in 14 sections, about 1,731 words (12 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.

In this note

  1. STRATUM BASALE
  2. BASAL LAYER
  3. STRATUM BASALE (GERMINATIVUM)
  4. STRATUM SPINOSUM
  5. STRATUM SPINOSUM - prickle cells
  6. STRATUM GRANULOSUM
  7. KERATOHYALINE GRANULES
  8. CONVERSION OF CELLS FROM STRATUM GRANULOSUM TO STRATUM CORNEUM
  9. STRATUM CORNEUM
  10. MOVEMENT OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS
  11. LAYERED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
  12. OTHER CELLS IN ORAL EPITHELIUM
  13. COMMON FEATURES OF ORAL MUCOSA
  14. THE INTRACELLULAR BINDING OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS

STRATUM BASALE

- Lamina lucida

- Lamina densa

The cells of the stratum basale are cuboidal or low columnar and form a single layer resting on the basale lamina.

  • The basale lamina is at the interface of the epithelium and lamina propria;
  • Epithelial cells of the oral mucosa are in a constant state of the renewal;
  • The basal cells show the maximum mitotic activity.

Desmosomes

hemidesmosomes

BASAL LAYER

  • Their nuclei are irregularly oval, have high mitotic activity, and undergo constant cell division;
  • These basal cells gradually migrate to the surface of the mucosa.

STRATUM BASALE (GERMINATIVUM)

  • The least differentiated epithelial cells;
  • Composed of 1 layer of cuboidal cells with high mitotic activity, which ensures proliferation and renewal of exfoliated epithelial cells.
  • They have large nuclei and are filled with fine protein filaments called tonofilaments.
  • They are connected to each other by cohesion, adhesion and Gup-links.

STRATUM SPINOSUM

  • Stratum spinosum is usually several cells thick.
  • The cells like polyhedron with short cytoplasmic processes;
  • In their cytoplasm there are many tonofilaments, which are grouped in bundles - tonofibrils.

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