Preclinical Paediatrics · MU Sofia

28. Anatomical and physiological features of permanent teeth.

Covers the anatomy of permanent teeth, starting with the diphyodont and heterodont nature of human dentition and the 32-tooth permanent set, including successional and accessional teeth. It then goes tooth by tooth through the incisors, canines, premolars and molars in both jaws, describing crown outlines, cusps, grooves, roots and canal numbers, with notes on mamelons, the cingulum, the cusp of Carabelli and eruption timing.

Inside: 1 section · 16 flashcards · 6 min

Topic 28 of 40 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Preclinical Paediatrics (Dental Medicine, Year 3). The free AceMed note covers it in 1 section, about 875 words (6 min of reading), with 16 flashcards.

In this note

  1. ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERMANENT TEETH

ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERMANENT TEETH

Humans are diphyodont as they have two dentitions: primary and permanent

  • Humans are also heterodonts as they have different tooth groups
  • Primary dentition consists of 20 teeth and permanent dentition consisting of 32 teeth
  • Permanent teeth replacing the primary teeth are called successional teeth
  • Permanent teeth with no predecessors are called accessional teeth

MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND PERMANENT TEETH is that there are 4 premolars and 6 molars in each arch. Each jaw consists of specific teeth, which are incisors (Cutting teeth), canines (tearing teeth) and molars (grinding teeth)

PERMANENT MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS

  • When tooth is newly erupted into the mouth, incisal edges have 3 rounded features called mamelons. Mamelons disappear with time as enamel wears away by friction
  • Lingual aspect presents a distinctive lingual fossa that is bordered by mesial and distal marginal ridges, incisal edge and prominent cingulum at gingiva
  • Mesial and distal aspects present a distinctive triangular outline
  • Incisal ridge of crown is aligned on the long axis of tooth along with apex of tooth
  • Contact Point: mesial contact point is just about at the incisal edge, distal contact point located at the junction of incisal third and middle third
  • Cervical line, which is seen as border between the crown and root of tooth, is closer to the apex of the root in the centre of tooth
  • Called the overlapping line
  • Makes cervical line appear as a semi-circle in shape
  • Palatal side of maxillary central incisor has a small convexity, called a cingulum near the cervical line and has a large convexity, called the lingual fossa
  • In nearly all maxillary central incisors, there is one canal with one apex
  • There are frequently 3 pulp horns in this tooth
  • Root is generally straight, most common points of curvature is near the apex and their direction is more common towards the distal and lingual

MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISORS

  • Lower central incisor is the smallest tooth in the dentition
  • Smaller than the 2ⁿᵈ maxillary and 2ⁿᵈ mandibular incisor
  • Mamelons present after teeth eruption but usually wear off by age 7
  • Labial surface is convex but there is no constriction in the neck and overlapping line, as in the upper central incisor
  • Lingual surface is concave and ends with gingival cingulum, smaller and does not stand out as in maxillary incisors
  • Crown shape is slightly elongated and almost rectangular
  • Incisal edge immediately after eruption has mamelons, soon disappear from abrasion

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