173. Blood supply of the brain - arteries and veins.
Covers the arterial supply of the brain from the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems, including the course and branches of the internal carotid, vertebral and basilar arteries, and the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries with their cortical and central distributions. Includes a section on the Circle of Willis with its formation and central branch sets, followed by the superficial and deep venous drainage into the cranial sinuses. Includes a summary of the arterial territories and a flowchart-style list of the venous connections.
Topic 29 of 34 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (CNS) (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 8 sections, about 939 words (7 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.
In this note
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN
Carotid :
Cerebral arteries :
Vertebro - basilar :
Circle of Willis : ← we must know how to draw it !
VENOUS DRINAGE
Superficial system :
Deep system :
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN
Subclavian artery
Common Carotid art.
Internal
opthalmic art.
Post. communicating
Ant. chorodial
Ant. Cerebral (ACA)
ACA
Ant. communicating art.
Middle cerebral (MCA)
External
Thyrocervical Trunk
Costocervical
Vertebral art.
Ant. Spinal
Post. spinal
Medullary branches
Post. Inferior cerebellar
Meningeal branches
+ Vertebral art. → Basilar art.
Post. Cerebral (PCA)
Labyrinthine
Pontine branches
Ant. Inf cerebellar
Superior cerebellar
Atrial supply of the brain depends on 2 aterial systems ( carotid & vertebro - basilar) Both systems anastomose at the Circle of Wills.
Carotid :
The carotid system includes both internal carotid arteries (ICA).
ICA begins at upper border of thyroid cartilage (bifurcation of common carotid artery).
It has 4 parts and runs in 4 anatomical areas (1ˢᵗ: cervical, 2ⁿᵈ: petrous, 3ʳᵈ: cavernous, and 4ᵗʰ: cerebral).
It ends at anterior perforated substance by giving anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA).
Cerebral arteries :
1) Anterior cerebral artery
Begins: as one of the 2 terminal branches of internal carotid artery.
It runs forwards towards the longitudinal fissure.
It communicates with its fellow through anterior communicating artery.
It curves backwards over the corpus callosum.
Ends: by anastomosing with posterior cerebral artery at the parieto-occipital sulcus.
Branches: mainly to the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.
Cortical branches:
All medial surface except occipital lobe.
One inch strip superiorly on lateral surface.
Medial aspect of orbital part of inferior surface.
Central branches:
Anteromedial set of branches: pierce anterior perforated substance to supply basal nuclei (anterior part of caudate and lentiform), and internal capsule (genu and lower ½ of anterior limb).
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