Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands) · MU Sofia

63. Small intestine – duodenum..

Covers the small intestine's overall length, width and role in absorbing nutrients, then its three parts and how it is fixed by the mesentery and root of the mesentery. It describes the four histological layers and then the duodenum in detail: its location, length, retroperitoneal position, the four parts D1 to D4 with their lengths and relations to vertebrae, and its arterial, venous, lymphatic and nerve supply.

Inside: 8 sections · 3 labelled pictures · 10 flashcards · 3 min

Topic 10 of 44 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands) (Medicine, Years 1 and 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 7 sections, about 438 words (3 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. SMALL INTESTINE
  2. Parts:
  3. Fixation:
  4. Histology:
  5. DUODENUM
  6. Blood supply:
  7. Innervation:

SMALL INTESTINE

  • The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system.
  • Approximately 3-5 m long and its width is 2-4 cm

* Is the primary site for absorbtion of nutrients from ingested material.

  • Extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the ileocaecal junction

Parts:

  1. (1) Duodenum
  2. (2) Jejunum
  3. (3) Ileum

Fixation:

The small intestine is fixed and supported within the abdominal cavity by several structures, preventing excessive movement and ensuring proper function.

  1. 1. Mesentry: double layer fold of the peritoneum

The small intestine is connected to the posterior abdominal wall by it.

  1. 2. Root of menestry:
  • the attachmant of the menestery to the posterir abdominal wall
  • extends from the duodenojejunal flexure to the right iliac fossa.

Histology:

4 layers:

  1. 1. Mucosa: lined by Simple columnar epithelium. with vilve
  2. 2. Submucosa: Connective tissue layer
  3. 3. Muscular Externa: smooth muscle layer
  • inner (circular)
  • outer (longitudinal)
  1. 4. Serosa.

DUODENUM

  • Originates at the pyloric orifice continues into the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure.
  • Located at the level of L1-L3
  • It length abouth 25-30 cm
  • Fixed (retroperitoneal)
  • C-shaped.

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