Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands) · MU Sofia

65. Large intestine - caecum, appendix and colon.

Covers the large intestine from the end of the ileum to the anus, including its length, nerve and blood supply, and its parts: caecum, appendix, and the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, with rectum and anus. Histology of the wall is described, along with external features such as haustra, taeniae coli, omental appendices and semilunar folds. The caecum's position, relations and ileocolic junction are set out, followed by the appendix's variable positions, blood, nerve and lymph supply, and McBurney's point. Each colonic segment is then described with its relations and flexures.

Inside: 19 sections · 10 labelled pictures · 1 table · 10 flashcards · 8 min

Topic 12 of 44 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands) (Medicine, Years 1 and 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 18 sections, about 1,024 words (8 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. 65 LARGE INTESTINE
  2. Innervation:
  3. Blood supply :
  4. Parts.
  5. Histology :
  6. Appereance:
  7. 65 CAECUM
  8. Morphology :
  9. Main relations of cecum:
  10. APPENDIX
  11. Surface anatomy:
  12. Different positions of the appendix :
  13. Supply of the appendix (65 cont.)
  14. COLON
  15. ASCENDING
  16. DESCENDING
  17. TRANSVERSE
  18. SIGMOIND

65 LARGE INTESTINE

  • The last part of the digestive System.
  • Extends from the distal end of the ileum to the anus
  • Length ~ 1.5 m
  • Function :

Innervation:

  1. 1. Sup. Mesenteric plexus → cecum, appendix, ascen. colon & transverse colon
  2. 2. Inf. Mesenteric plexus → from left colic flexure to the rectum.

Blood supply :

  1. 1. Superior mesenteric art. (SMA)
  2. 2. Inferior mesenteric art. (IMA)

Parts.

  1. 1 Caecum
  2. 1.1 Vermiform appendix (appendix vermiformis)
  3. 2 Colon
  4. 2.1 Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
  5. 2.2 Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  6. 2.3 Descending colon (colon descendens)
  7. 2.4 Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum)
  8. 3 Rectum
  9. 3.1 Anus

Histology :

Mucosa (and submucosa)

  • – contains a single layer of columnar epithelium, there are no villi

Muscular layer – has a circular and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

  • – there are several regions along the course of the large intestine with highly developed circular muscle that form functional sphincters

Superficial layer – is covered by the visceral peritoneum except on the posterior wall of the ascending and descending colon and the aboral part of the rectum, which are connected to the surrounding tissue by adventitia

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