Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands) · MU Sofia

72. Respiratory system - overview and development.

Covers the respiratory system as a whole, starting with its role in gas exchange and its split into a conducting portion and a respiratory portion. It then lists the air passages from the nasal cavity down to the lungs, with the upper and lower tracts separated, and includes a labelled diagram. The note closes with the embryological development from the middle of the fourth week, tracing the respiratory diverticulum, the lung buds and the bronchial buds.

Inside: 4 sections · 3 labelled pictures · 10 flashcards · 1 min

Topic 18 of 44 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands) (Medicine, Years 1 and 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 4 sections, about 166 words (1 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  2. The respiratory system:
  3. The air passages
  4. Development of the Respiratory System:

The respiratory system:

  • Fundamental for gas exchange via negative pressure breathing.
  • Consists of a conduction portion (respiratory tract) and a respiratory portion (lungs)
  • Involved in voice formation (larynx) and olfactory (nasal cavity)

The air passages

Upper respiratory tract

  • 1 Nasal cavity (cavitas nasi)
  • 1.1 Paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales)
  • 2 Pharynx
  • 2.1 Nasopharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis)
  • 2.2 Oropharynx (pars oralis pharyngis)
  • 2.3 Laryngopharynx or hypopharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis)

Lower respiratory tract

  • 3 Larynx
  • 4 Trachea
  • 5 Bronchi
  • 6 Lungs (pulmones)

has:

  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Multiple alveoli

Development of the Respiratory System:

  • Begins at about the middle of the 4th week
  • Develops from both endoderm & mesoderm.
  • Steps :
  • 4th week: a respiratory diverticulum outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut.
  • The diverticulum expand ventrally & caudally. & eventually separates from the foregut, forming the esophagus.
  • The diverticulum forms distaly lung bud & the rest forms the trachea.
  • The lung bud bifurcates into right & left primary bronchial buds
  • 5th week: the 1° bronchial buds gives rise to 2° then to 3° bronchial buds

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